Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Wellcome Library
P
https://archive.org/details/b28775557_0028
■
ENGLISH BOTANY;
OR,
COLOURED FIGURES
OF
B II I T I S H PLAN T S,
WITH THEIR
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS, SYNONYMS, AND PLACES OF GROWTH:
TO WHICH WILL BE ADDED,
OCCASIONAL REMARKS.
. BY
JAMES EDWARD SMITH, M.D. F.R.S.
MEMBER OF THE IMP. ACAD. NATURAE CURIOSOIIUM, THE ACADEMIES OF STOCKHOLM, UPSAL, TURIN, LISBON, LUND, BERLIN, PHILADELPHIA, AND THE NAT. HIST. SOCIETIES OF PARIS AND MOSCOW;
PRESIDENT OF THE L I N N A£ A N SOCIETY.
THE FIGURES BY
JAMES SOWERBY, F.L.S.
VIRESQUE ACQUIRIT EUNDO.” FlTg,
VOL. XXVIII.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY R. TAYI.OR AND CO., SHOE-LANE, FLEET-STREET;
And sold by the Proprietor, J. Sowerby, at No. 2, Mead Place, Lambeth; by Messrs. White, Fleet-street; Johnson, St. Paul’s Church-yard; Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, Pater-noster-row ; and by all Booksellers, &c. in Town and Country.
MDCCCIX.
J
■
.
'
■
[ 1945 ]
PYROLA media.
Intermediate Winter-green.
DECANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. deeply five-cleft. Pet. 5. Caps. superior, of 5 cells, bursting at the angles. Seeds numerous. Ainthers with 2 pores.
Spec. Char. Stamens regularly inflexed. Style curved downwards. Cluster many-flowered, with a spiral
stslk
Syn. Pyrola media. Swartz in Stockholm Trans, for 1784. 263. t. 7. Winch Guide, v. 2. 19.
We have the unexpected pleasure of adding another new Pyrola to the British Flora, by favour of its discoverer N. J. Winch, Esq., who sent us this specimen, which agrees with an authentic one from Dr. Swartz. It grows in shady places, and has been observed by Mr. Winch in Scots-wood Dean, 3 miles west of Newcastle ; in East-common wood near Hexham, Northumberland; in some woods 4 miles north of Wolsingham, Durham; and at Studley, Yorkshire,
flowering towards the end of June.
This species has been confounded with P. minor, with which it nearly agrees in general habit, but differs in its very spirally twisted flower-stalk, and in the declination and much greater length of its style. The stamens are all regularly incurved round the germen as in P. minor, not directed up wards as in P. rotundifolia, t. 213, neither is the style so re- curved as in the latter, nor the flowers so large. The of all these species vary much in outline, as well as serratures. The roots are creeping and perennial.
I
,
......
.
'
f
.
[ 1946 ]
S E D U M sexangulare. Insipid Stonecrop.
DECANDRIA Pentagynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . 5-cleft. Petals 5, with 5 nectari- ferous scales at the base of the germen. Cap- sules 5, superior.
Spec. Char. Leaves in six or seven rows, somewhat cylindrical, obtuse, fleshy, spreading, fixed to the stem by their inner side above the base. Cyme three-cleft, leafy.
Syn. Sedum sexangulare. Linn. Sp . Pl. 620. Sm. FL Brit . 488. Huds . ed. 1. 171. With. 428. Hull. 99. Relh. 174. Curt. Lond.fasc. 4. t. 53.
S. acre /3. Huds. 1 96.
It cannot but excite wonder that any systematic botanist should confound this with Sedum acre , t . 839. Mr. Curtis has given the first figure of the plant before us, (Lobers Ic. 379 .f. 1 , being too unlike and uncertain to be relied on,) having gathered it on Greenwich park wall near the south- west corner. It was found in several parts of Kent by Mr. Hudson, and in Cambridgeshire by Mr. Relhan. Our specimen was brought by Mr. Turner from the famous rotten walls of Old Sarum, and blossomed in a garden about the end of July, being 2 or 3 weeks later than the acre.
It differs moreover in being, though unpleasantly austere, destitute of all acrid pungency of flavour, but especially in the form and disposition of its leaves, which are pretty accurately cylindrical, by no means ovate, and stand 3 or 4 together in alternate whorls, so as to spread 6 or 7 different ways, pro- ducing in the whole leafy stem or branch 6 or 7 angles or rows. The cymes are terminal, of 2 larger branches and a small one. Flowers yellow, much like those of S. acre , or rather paler. The foliage of the plant often turns red.
1946
J\rtn'.x20o$. L h'j-h ‘d hi/ Jo Sowt rbit Hondem .
.
'
. '
.
,
■
.
,
,
• .
.
[ 1947 ]
EPILOBIUM angustifolium. Hose-bay Willow-herb .
OCTANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. in 4 segments. Petals 4. Cap- sule oblong, inferior. Seeds feathered.
Spec. Char. Leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate, veiny, smooth. Petals unequal. Stamens declining.
Syn. Epilobium angustifolium. Linn . Sp. PL 493. Sm . FI. Brit. 409. Huds. 161. With. 366. Hull. 82. Siblh. 121. Abbot. 84. Curt. Loud, fasc. 2. t. 24. Winch Guide , v. 1. 36.
Lysimachia speciosa, quibusdam Onagra dicta, sili- quosa. Rail Syn. 310.
Certainly wild in meadows and shady moist places in many parts of the north of England. Mr. Winch observed it on the Cheviot hills ; Mr. Harriman in Teesdale. Never- theless, being a very common garden flower, increasing greatly by its roots, the plants found here and there about London are supposed to be outcasts of gardens. Our speci- men was gathered on the hill a little beyond the Robin hood inn on the road to Kingston, where we have observed the plant near 20 years, in an apparently wild state, flowering in July and August, the stem being always simple. Mr. Curtis seems to have drawn a branched garden specimen.
Root somewhat fleshy, creeping, reddish. Stems from 3 to 6 feet high, erect, wand-like, roundish, leafy, smooth. Leaves numerous, nearly sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or slightly toothed, smooth, veiny ; glaucous beneath. Flowers in long, upright, leafless clusters, very ornamental, inodorous ; with reddish stalks and calyx ; hoary, often purplish, germens; and large, crimson petals, unequal in size and irregular in position. Stamens and style bent downwards. Pollen blue. Stigma 4-cleft. It is often called Persian or French Willow in Norfolk, where, though almost universal in gardens, we have never met with any naturalized specimens.
7947
.
-
■
l
'
'
[ 1948 ]
EPXLOBIUM tetragonum. Square-stalked Willow-herb.
OCTANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. in 4 segments. Petals 4. Cap.
sule oblong, inferior. Seeds feathered.
Spec. Char. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, minutely toothed. Stem with four angles. Stigma undivided.
Syn. Epilobium tetragonum. Linn. Sp. PI. 494. Sm. FI. Brit. 412. Huds. 162. With. 368. Hull. 82. Relh. 1.51. Sibth. 122. Abbot. 85. Curt. Lord.
fasc. 2. t. 23. .
Lysimachia siliquosa glabra media sive minor. Ran
Syn . 311. ^
Common in watery marshy places, flowering in July.
Root perennial, fibrous. Stem 12 or 18 inches high, erect, branched, leafy, nearly smooth, roundish in its transverse section, but marked with four angular ribs at unequal - stances from each other, by which it is known from E.pa-
iustr , t 346. Leaves generally, if not always, sessile, lance-
o S'.-., h, ir^l* -
p„, alternate. Flow.™ few, in leaf, cln.tm, »•». ”* Lie purple cloven petals, and a club-shaped undivided s igma. The podl flower-stalks, and in some degree the floral leaves,
^^I’variety with stalked and broader leave, mentioned by Mr. Curtis, was what he afterwards justly allowed to be E. roseum of Schreber, see t. 693 ; and which we confess to have sometimes puzzled us in study, ng the pre- sent species. How far they are really distinct may sti of doubt.
- r7 iSoS.jPuBTish 7 7^7/ Jo f .fou rrby Zond' Ti .
/
- .
,
'
|
' |
[ 1949 ]
ASPIDIUM cristatum. Lesser Crested Shield-fern.
CRYPTOGAMIA Filices.
Gen. Char. Fructifications scattered, in roundish dots, not marginal. Involucrum umbilicated, bursting almost all round.
Spec. Char. Frond nearly bipinnate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, with shallow lateral serratures and sharp little terminal teeth. Common stalk scaly. In- volucrum nearly circular.
Syn. Aspidium cristatum. Swartz . Fil. 52.
Polypodium cristatum. Linn. Sp. PL 1551.
P. Callipteris. Ehrh. Crypt. 53.
Gathered in hedge rows, on Apse heath and near Ryde, in the isle of Wight, by the Rev. G. R. Leathes. We have a specimen gathered in 1806 by the Rev. R. B. Francis near Holt, Norfolk, and have heard of others from Scotland, so that this species can no longer be refused a place in the Flora Britannica. Our specimens accord with original ones of Lin- naeus and Ehrhart, and are very distinct from A. dilatatum, t. 1461, long mistaken for the P. cristatum of Linnaeus.
Root tuberous, somewhat creeping. Fronds 1 or 2 feet high, ovato-lanceolate, acute, pinnate ; the leaves either again pinnate, or deeply pinnati fid ; leaflets rather alternate, ovate, obtuse, veiny, with wide shallow serratures along their sides, and several broad, sharp, scarcely spinous, little teeth at their summits. The ribs are somewhat zigzag. Dots of capsules tawny, about the upper part of the frond, but on the lower part of each leaflet or segment. Involucrum between kidney- shaped and circular. The common stalk is very scaly in the lower part, and more or less so up to the summit. The fronds when drying have a faint sweet scent, unlike the generality of British ferns.
7949
.
.
.
;
[ 1950 ]
ASPLENIUM Adiantum-nigrum.
Black Maidenhair Spleenwort.
CRYPTOGAMS Filices.
Gen Char. Fructif. in scattered lines. Lmlucrum originating laterally from a vein, and bursting in-
%ull Ll Relh. 409. Sibth. 269. Jblot.MS.
Adfalum nigmm officinarum. i?aii %»• 126. n. 10.
also 127. M- 12, 13.
FrFOUENT in dry shady hedge bottoms, about the roots ff oKs, on ruined buildings and among rocks, beanng
si,: jr- -s-W.- ‘'sin s:
iSWS* !Sk“hS?iv7“h:/ei,iire aoSdge-
,.ttd o, “*• “ ,P ( he f„„d i, „ darkish shining green i
» N- '» ***L
have examined it. Nothing can be more delicate and elegant have examine & wjtj, Dillemus it most pro-
like that finely cut and destitute ot fructification.
2950
|
. |
|
'
.
.
:
.
'
[ 1951 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM Hcimii.
Long-?stalked Beardless-moss.
CRYPTO GAMI A Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Veil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, minutely serrated towards the point. Capsule cylindrical. Lid obliquely beaked.
Syn. Gymnostomum Heimii. Hedw . Sp. Muse. 32,
Crypt, v. 1. 80. t. SO. Sm. FI. Brit. 1162. Turn . Muse . Hib. 9.
Bryum Heimii. Dichs. Crypt, fasc. 2, 4. With. 815. Hull. 257.
OuR specimens of this uncommon moss were gathered in Anglesea by the Rev. H. Davies, bearing ripe capsules in May. Mr. G. Don has found the same species near Forfar, Angus- shire, and Mr. Turner in Ireland.
The roots are annual. Stems simple, forming dense tufts, scarcely half an inch high, leafy. Leaves of a light, often brownish, green, strongly reticulated, slightly spreading, el- liptic-lanceolate, acute, flat, or somewhat carinated, with a prominent rib. Their margin minutely serrated about the point only, sometimes entire throughout, especially in the inner leaves. Fruilstalk sblitary, terminal, about an inch long, yellow when young with a reddish base, at length brown. Capsule upright, brown, smooth, cylindrical with a widish mouth. Lid taper, oblique, rather shorter than the capsule, springing from a flat base, and attached by its centre to the columella , which, as usual in the genus, rises above the edge of the capsule.
r
Mt. i.Mg.Mibteh ,7 /;<, ,/a ■: ;-rby loiu/ar, .
. •'
'
-
9
.
[ 1952 ]
G R I M M I A Schisti,
Slate Grimmia.
CRYPT0GAM1A Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of ] 6 teeth, broadest at their base. Flowers terminal. Veil cylindrical.
Spec. Char. Leaves awlshaped, keeled, incurved when dr£. Capsule bell-shaped, furrowed, glandular at the base. Lid conical.
Syn. Grimmia Schisti. Sm. FL Brit . 1185.
Bryum Schisti. Retz . Prod . 261.
B. FL Dan . t. 538./. 2.
We believe Mr. George Don, who favoured us with this moss, is the only person who has found it in Britain. He has observed it growing on stones by rivulets, in the shade, on Loch na gore and Clova mountains in Angus-shire, in July ; and on a rock, whose top is always covered with snow, near Loch Arden, among the Cairn Gorm mountains of In- verness-shire, in the middle of April 1803.
The roots seem to be perennial rather than annual. The plants form dense velvet-like tufts of a bright green, owing to the long slender silky leaves, which, from a broad base, are awlshaped, keeled, concave and entire, much incurved when dry. Fruitstalk erect, not quite straight, scarcely half an inch high; pellucid, yellow and shining when young; afterwards browner. Capsule bell-shaped, strongly but some- what irregularly furrowed longitudinally, brown ; furnished with a glandular swelling at the top of the stalk on one side, which is scarcely visible but in a young state. Lid conical, short, oblique, pale orange-coloured. Fringe short, reddish. Tn the Flora Danica the veil is represented as black.
IVov. z .zScS. Jitb&rh 7i bo ,4 liSon crinf X<m J<m .
• .
.
.
[ 1953 ]
II Y P N U M squarrosum. Drooping- leaved Feather-moss .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps . ovate-oblong, from a lateral scaly sheath. Outer fringe of 1 6 teeth, dilated at the base : inner a variously-toothed membrane. Veil smooth. Spec. Char. Stem branched, somewhat pinnated. Leaves ovate, pointed, keeled, recurved, without ribs. Lid conical.
Syn. Hypnum squarrosum. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1593. Sm. FI. Bril. 1323. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 281. Huds .
502. JVith. 857. Hull. V 71. Relh. 435. Sibth. 299. Abbot. 249.
H. repens, triangularibus reflexis foliis, majus. Dill . Muse. 303. 2. 39. jT. 3S. jRaii #7/72. 82.
/S.H, repens, triangularibus reflexis foliis, minus. DHL Muse. 304. t. 39. f 39. Raii Syn. 82.
H. squarrosum. Swartz. Muse. Suec. 59. Ehrh. Crypt. 36.
Common in shady damp woods, and under hedges, pro- ducing its fruit occasionally in autumn as well as spring, but by no means frequently at either season. Our specimens with ripe capsules were found in the New Forest, last March, by C. Lyell, Esq.
The perennial stems are branched in a pinnate manner, and are leafy, red, rigid and wiry, forming loose elastic tufts ; their branches curved downwards, taper-pointed. Leaves of a yellowish green, closely imbricated generally in 5 rows, ovate, clasping the stem, entire, ribless, smooth, folded into a sort of keel ; their points elongated and curved downward. Fruitstalks about an inch and half long, red, smooth. Sheaths close, with taper- pointed leaves, their points spreading. Cap- sule drooping, ovate, smooth* short and turgid. Lid conical, short, with a minute point.
The variety /3 has the appearance of a different species, being much more pale and slender in habit, with shorter more distant branches, and a somewhat longer lid, but we find no- essential mark of discrimination.
1952,
_7V7 .V M? SvH':rlnrIonJoiL .
[ 1954 ]
LICHEN diacapsis. Two-fold-shielded Tartareous Lichen.
CR YPTO GAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust blueish-white, tartareous, its sur- face composed of minute undulations. Shields clustered, somewhat sunk ; their disk flat, black or brown ; their margin thick, externally black, its edge whitish.
Syn. Parmelia diacapsis. Ach. Mss . JVinch Guide ,
v. 2. 51.
Communicated to us from Yew How, a hill at the head of Coniston water, Lancashire, by S. Hailstone, Esq. Mr. Turner, on the authority of an original specimen, assures us it is the above plant of Mr. Winch, found in Durham by the Rev. Mr. Harriman, and sent to Professor Acharius, to whom it proved new, and trom whom it received the specific name. We presume however, with Mr. Hailstone, that it belongs to the genus Leeidca, not Parmelia , of the learned author last mentioned.
Our specimen conforms to all the inequalities of a soft brown stone on which it grew, the crust being uninterrupted, half a line thick, tartareous, white or greenish within ; its surface white inclining to greyish or blueish, smooth, not mealy, but all over most curiously and minutely wrinkled, plaited, or tuberculated, so as in many parts to represent the entangled imbricated conformation of L. incurvus , t . 1375, but remotely, and far less remarkably than L. circinatus , t. 1941, imitates an imbricated Lichen. This undulated sur- face however, well defined “ gyroso-verrucosa ” by Acharius, seems to us a clear characteristic of the species. I he shields are small, sessile or rather sunk, clustered j their disk flat, sometimes black, sometimes red -brown ; their margin very thick and tumid, externally black or greyish, its inner edge undulated, grey or white. There is certainly no accessory margin from the substance of the crust itself.
STov.jj.SoS, Zub lish 'J by Jo,? Savor by ZonSon .
'
\ • c
-
.
.
’
-
.
[ 195j ]
LICHEN glebulosus. Broken-crusted Brown-shielded Lichen.
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust imbricated, minutely lobed, di- spersed, glaucous-white ; lobes rounded, convex, adherent. Shields convex, deep red-brown, with a thin entire border of the same colour.
Syn. Lecidea testacea. Winch Guide , v, 2. 42.
Abundant on quartzose rocks at Lanchester, and walla at Knitsley, Durham, according to Mr. Winch, to whom we are indebted for this specimen. We are nevertheless obliged to correct its appellation in that gentleman's work, and to de- scribe it as a new species, the Lichen saxifragus of the Linn. Trans, v. 1. t.A.f.4, Psora testacea of Hoffmann, being a totally distinct plant.
The crust of L. glehdosus is, as the name implies, com- posed of innumerable minute fragments or portions, so that it cannot be separated entire from the stone ; and those frag- ments consist of little, imbricated, rounded, convex, often notched, lobes or leaves, smooth and of a pale glaucous white on their upper side, the under being closely adherent to the stone. The aggregate crust has a dirty aspect, from the in- terstices being darker, or occupied by adventitious matter. The shields are scattered, sessile, small, though much larger than the lobes of the crust ; when fresh of a dark but reddish brown, somewhat convex and thick, encompassed with a thin even border, of their own substance and colour, though rather paler. When dry they are almost black.
1955
4i
Jtirrv.zjito# J0u57ut/i3 7w Jit f Swerby, London,.
|
. |
||
|
• |
||
|
: |
||
|
■ |
||
|
■ |
'
■
• . . " • • :
[ 1956 ]
RIVULARIA tuberiformis. Potatoe Rivularia .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Frond gelatinous, firm, destitute of an external cuticle. Fructification among jointed fila- ments, lodged in the substance of the frond.
Spec. Char. Frond irregularly globose, inflated, pale brown ; white within. Seeds vertically disposed in rows at the summits of the filaments.
Communicated by the Rev.G. R. Leathes, who found it adhering to rocks and submarine plants on the coast of the isle of Wight in August 1808. Mr. Turner and Mr. Sowerby observed it nine years before at Kynance cove, Cornwall, and the former assures us it is common about the shores of all the Hebrides. Yet we can find no traces of its being any where described.
When floating in the sea water it looks, as we are told, extremely like an assemblage of young potatoes, in colour as well as size and shape. Each full-grown plant is half an inch, or near an inch, in diameter, of an irregularly round, or im- perfectly globose, figure, hollow, pale brown, gelatinous and rather tender, internally white. A perpendicular section when magnified shows the substance to be a congeries of entangled filaments, whose upper extremities meet in a parallel order, all on a level, at the surface, and in each of those extremities 3 or 4 brown seeds are disposed one above another. No slender pellucid filaments extend, as in some species of Rivularia ,
beyontl the seeds. This plant, when dried with due care,
adheres to paper, and preserves tolerably well, only assuming a darker hue.
1956
Dlov. j.iPe8.?ul>lLrh<l In/ Jft f Scnvcrbz/ Zcmdon .
I
i
[ 1957 ]
L A C T U C A viipsa*
Strong-scented Lettuce .
SYNGENESIA Polygamia-cequalis.
Gen. Char. Recept. naked. Cal. imbricated, cy* lindrical, with a membranous margin. Down sim- ple, on a foot-stalk.
Spec. Char. Leaves horizontal, finely toothed ; their keel prickly.
Syn. Lactuca virosa. Linn . Sp. PL 1119. Sm. FL
Brit. 819. Buds. 337. With. 677. Hull. 17 5. Relh. 305. Siblk. 237. Light/. 429. Woodu. Suppl. t. 250.
L. sylvestris major, odore opii. Rail Syn . 161 ; and L. sylvestris folio non laciniato. ib. 162.
JL HIS, the largest of our wild lettuces, grows on open sunny chalky banks and old flint walls, and sometimes on dry gra- velly banks. Our specimens were collected near Mackerell’s tower, Norwich, and at Battersea. It is biennial, and flowers from the end of July to the middle of September.
The whole plant abounds with a white milky juice, smell- ing like opium and possessing the same narcotic qualities. It issues suddenly in large drops from the calyx and more tender leaves on the slightest touch. The stem is erect, wand-like, round, sparingly leafy, prickly, brown or reddish, panicled at the summit. Leaves smoothish, rather glaucous, finely and sharply toothed ; the radical ones numerous, obovate, undi- vided ; the rest smaller, clasping the stem, more or less waved or sinuated* Main rib in all beset with straight parallel prickles. Floral leaves heart-shaped, pointed. Flowers small, palish yellow; their stalks bearing many small bracteas. Calyx smooth. Seeds furrowed. Down rough.
Petiver’s figures induce us, with Dr. Stokes, to refer bojth the above plants of Ray to this species, though the latter of the two is mentioned in the Synopsis as if it belonged to L . Scariola , t. 268. 8
1357
J)e£.2,2&c8.1hMis7i7l Inf Jaf Scwtrby Jjmdotv,
\ r . ' ' -
■
[ 1958 ]
S A L I X phylicifolia. Tea-leaved Willow.
DIOECIA Diandria.
Gen. Char. Male, Cal the scales of a catkin. Cor .
none. Nectary a gland at the base of the stamina. Stain. 1 — 5. Female, Cal. and Nect. like the male. Cor. none. Stigmas 2. Caps, superior, of 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds downy.
Spec. Char. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, with wavy serratures, smooth ; glaucous beneath. Stipulas somewhat lunate, glandular on the inside. Germen stalked, silky. Style elongated.
Syn. Salix phylicifolia. Linn. Sp. PI 1442, a. FI. Lapp . ed. 2. 291. i. 8. /. d. n. 851* Sm. FI. Brit. JC49. Tr . of Linn- Soc. v. 6. 123*
S. radicans. Sm. FI. Brit. 1053.
Cuttings of this willow were originally sent to Mr. Crowe from Scotland by Mr. Dickson. Having for several seasons observed its growth, and this summer its female catkins, I am enabled with certainty to reduce it to the phylicifolia, which latter 1 had only known by Mr. Lightfoot’s specimen, gathered young in Breadalbane by the Rev. Dr. Stuart, and exactly agreeing with the authentic Lapland one in the Linnaean herbarium. Having tried in vain to obtain the plant of Dr. Stuart alive, I have the more pleasure in finding myself already possessed of it, under another name, which must now give way to the older appellation.
This is a low tree or rather bush, whose long spreading decumbent branches take, root as they extend on all sides. The young twigs are purplish or brown. Leaves scatteied, not much spreading, on short stalks, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 2 inches long, smooth, harsh, bitter, variously crenate or serrated, the serratures peculiarly undulated ; upper side dark and shining ; under glaucous. Stipulas small, lunate, gkm- dular towards the base on the inside. Catkins from separate buds, stalked, cylindrical. Scales linear, silky at the back. Germen stalked, ovato-lunceolate, silky. Style smooth. Stigmas small, cloven.
Z958
[ 1959 ]
S A L I X prostrata. Prostrate Dwarf Willow.
DIOECIA Diandria .
Gen. Char. Male, Cal. the scales of a catkin. Cor. none. Nectary a gland at the base of the stamina. Stajn. 1—5. Female, Cal. and Ned. like the male. Cor. none. Stigmas 2. Caps, superior, of 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds downy.
Spec. Char. Leaves elliptical, acute, convex, rarely toothed ; glaucous, rugged and silky beneath. Stem prostrate. Branches elongated, straight.
Syn. Salix prostrata. Sm. FI. Brit. 1060. Galpine, 83. S. polymorpha. Ehrh . Arb. 49 ?
Mr. CROWE received this little Willow many years ago from Mr. Dickson, who found it in Scotland. It has ever since preserved its original habit in the garden. Mr. E. Forster has gathered what we find to be the same on Epping Forest, near Hioh Beech, but neither Mr. Crowe nor any other per- son, to our knowledge, has found it in Norfolk. It agrees well with Ehrhart’s own specimens of his polymorpha , but he seems to have confounded several species under that name. It will not agree with the Linnaean characters of S. incubacea , a species we have never been able to ascertain.
The stems form an entangled mat, most of the branches beino’ verv long, tough, straight and slender, spreading very widely, close to the ground, in all directions, while some short ones stand erect. All are leafy, round, finely downy when young. Leaves scattered, on shortish thick stalks, elliptical or° elliptic-lanceolate, scarcely an inch long, acute, somewhat recurved, mostly entire, but here and there furnished with one or two conspicuous teeth; above dark and opaque, minutely downy, veiny, convex; beneath concave, hardly revolute, glaucous, rugged with veins, and somewhat silky. Stipulas rare and small, or merely little glands. Some- times the scales of the axillary buds look like stipulas. Cat- kins produced in May, not earlier, ovate, obtuse, dense, silky. Scales with a blunt brown tip. Germeri ovate, silky, somewhat stalked. Style short and thick. Stigmas cloven.
1959
DctTLiSoS.JPubUjm iy JalSowerby : London.
|
* |
||
’
-■
' !-
■
■
'
[ I960 ]
SALIX fusca. Brownish Dwarf Willow.
DIOECIA Diandria.
Gen. Char. Male, Cal. the scales of a catkin. Cor . none. Nectary a gland at the base of the stamina. Stam . 1 — 5. Fejnale, Cal. and Nect . like the male. Cor . none. Stigmas 2. Caps . superior, of 1 cell and 2 valves. downy.
Spec. Char. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, straight, flat, with a few glandular teeth ; glaucous and silky beneath. Footstalks slender. Stem erect, much branched. Stipulas none.
Syn. Salix fusca. Linn. Sp. PL 1447. Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 299. t. 8 .f r. Fl. Suec . ed. 2. 351. Sm. FL Brit. 1060. Galpine , 83.
IN OT rare on moist mountainous heaths in the north, flower- ing in May.
The stem forms an upright bushy shrub, about a foot high, very much branched, not creeping, as far as we can observe from cultivating it for many years, though Linnaeus says otherwise. Branches round, downy when young, thickly clothed with leaves. Buds large, ovate, red and shining. Leaves on longish slender footstalks, always we believe with- out stipulas, scarcely an inch long, elliptic-oblong, sharpish, almost perfectly flat and straight, not revolute, their margin not cut nor serrated, but beset with distant glandular teeth, most conspicuous in the older ones; dark green and smoothish above ; glaucous and silky, with minute veins, beneath. In drying they turn black or brown. Catkins ovate, short and dense, with brown hairy obtuse scales. Anthers red before they burst. Nectary ovate, brown. The scales of the female catkins, sent for the same species by Dr. Stuart, and de- scribed in FL Brit., are so different as to cause a doubt of their identity. We are certain of the distinctness of this species, though, possibly, Linnaeus may have confounded some others with it which we shall describe hereafter, and which led him to describe the stem as creeping. We believe moreover that S. repens, t. 183, is best distinguished from fusca by its creeping stem, the leaves being not always entire.
j)urj.j.»o8.XuiUsh(A by Jaf.JewtrbyJondon
I
'
,
.
I ’ • f
'
[ 1961 ]
SALIX parvifolia. Small-leaved Dwarf Willow.
DIOECIA Diandria.
Gen. Char. Male, Cal. the scales of a catkin. Cor. none. Nectary a gland at the base of the stamina.
Stam, \ 5. Female, Cal. and Ned. like the male.
Cor. none. Stigmas 2. Caps, superior, of 1 cell
and 2 valves. Seeds downy.
Spec. Char. Leaves elliptical, nearly entire with re- curved points ; glaucous and silky beneath. Stem decumbent. Stipulas ovate, entire.
p ,TurRFn u the late Mr. Crowe at East Winch and VtATHERED by having been cultivated in his
bafStass&Ai " — ^ - -
other willow. , • iyrav< The stem
It flowers at the end of April or,ea^cum“n^ Branches
is much br*^ “'”for is inches long, spreading elongated, wand-like, a densely clothed with m-
obliquely or else procumbent :, very dense y ^ Leaves
numerable leaves, rou‘ld’} ’‘l ri- an ;nch long, of a broad spreading or recurved, a . ^ margin slightly
elliptical figure, with recurved point* « S h y revolute, either quite entire or marW here Ad ^
minute glandular tooth. thePPn(icr glaucous and more or green and near^ s“°° *J’1 broad and short. Buds large, less silky. Fo°‘st.a^susuaUyv prescnt, but small, ovate, enure,
ovate, si y* P i olaiid Female catkins ovate, dense, hairy, tipped with a red gland; ■ Gernien stalked,
yellowish. Scales obovat , > ) glv]e short, thick.
silky, at length becoming nearly smooth. M>
Stigmas deeply divided, t ic , u ^ or 3 days in a
Living specimens of this plant, snui p fish-like
tin box, diffuse when opened anmtol .cnj scent, which we have observed in no ottier r
adscciukns.
7961
J)ccjjBc8.J^J}lLih7l bu Ja, 'f <?cn\’crlnft Xondon .
■
.
1 , ‘ .• )■
. .
[ 1962 ]
S A L I X adscendens. Ascending Dwarf Willow.
DIOECIA Diandria .
Gen. Char. Male, Cal. the scales of a catkin. Cor. none. Nectary a gland at the base of the stamina. Siam. 1—5. Female, Cal. and Nect. like the male. Cor. none. Stigmas 2. Caps, superior, ot 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds downy.
Spec. Char. Leaves elliptic-oblong, somewhat serrated, with recurved points ; glaucous and silky eneatn. Stem ascending. Stipulas ovate, serrated.
Observed by Mr. Crowe and Mr. E. Forster upon For- land heath, Norfolk. We have noticed it in several moist heathy or sandy places, but long supposed .t a _ variety of S. argenlea, t. 1364, from which, having cultivated and examined it for a number of years, we now find it widely and unquestionably distinct. That species when left to itsdf, always forms an upright bush, and is remarkable for its bn - liant silvery leaves, which are always enure. The present a creeping low shrub, with long straight obliquely ascending branches, and much less silvery leaves even on their under side. The leaves are also much more oblong, and many of them decidedly serrated. Tt is most akin to our S. parvtfoha, and has the same smell, but is about twice as large, with less crowded recurved leaves, and with serrated st.pulas. It flowers with that species in May, 2 or 3 weeks later than the repens. The female catkins and capsules agree with those ot parvifolia. We do not find such marks of discrimination m the parts of fructification in this tribe of Willows as m the laiger kinds, nor have we had opportunities of verifying their species by raising them from seed. S. caprea, aquatica, oleifolia, him, minifolia, &c., as well as purpurea, Helix, he., have grown from seed in Mr. Crowe’s garden, and prove as perma- nent in habit and characters as any plants m the world.
tySaUmr.rlu. LenAm/.
I
.
• /
[ 19 63 • ]
GRIMMIA stricta.
Upright Brown Grimmia .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musa.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of 16 teeth, broadest at their base. Floivers terminal. Veil cylindrical.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovato-lanceolate, pointed, some- what bearded, imbricated, a little spreading. Cap- sule top-shaped, stalked. Branches straight, erect.
Syn. Grimmia stricta. Turn . Muse. Hib. 20. t . 2 ,f 1.
Mr . TURNER, to whom we are obliged for this very rare moss, and who alone has hitherto mentioned it, received this specimen from Dr. Scott, who found it in Ireland, on stones near Swanlinbar. Afterwards Mr. Turner himself gathered the same on the rocks of Snowdon.
Its dark copper-colour is remarkable. The stems are more upright and straight, as well as less copiously branched, than those of G. apocarpa, t. 1134, and the leaves are narrower, with very slight traces in general of any hair at the tip, though in some that appendage is evident. The capsules are elevated on a stalk, full as long as themselves, and are top-shaped, or urn-shaped, very dark-coloured, smooth, with a convex, blunt-pointed, straight lid. The whole plant when dry is blackish and very brittle, compared by Mr. Turner to Andrcea alpinay t . 1 278, in its first aspect.
J)ec. uDe8. TublislbTl Try Ja f > Stnverby, X/mdarv .
.
' -
■
.
■
[ 1964 ]
LICHEN confluens. Confluent-shielded Lichen.
CR YPTO GAM l A Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust somewhat uneven, tessellated, of a smoky white. Shields sessile, black, with a black border ; at length convex, confluent and angular. Syn. Lichen confluens. IVeber Goelt. 180. t. 2. Ach . Prod . 60. Dicks . Crypt, fasc. 1. 9. With. v. 4. 8. Hull . 286.
Lecidea confluens. Ach. Meth. 40.
Verrucaria confluens. Hoffm. PL Lick. t. 19 .f. 1.
/3. Lichen pilularis. Davies in Tr. of L. Soc. v. 2. 283.
t. c28.f. 1.
I GATHERED this first, about 1782, on rocks on the Pent- land hills near Edinburgh, in some of' those hours of relaxa- tion, so agreeably employed in botanical rambles, with a numerous train of college friends, then ardent and curious like myself. Of these more than half have sunk into an early grave, and even now, as I write, the most valuable of them all is just prematurely cut off from an unspotted and most exten- sively useful life *. How truly are we 66 sojourners here, as all our fathers were !”
This Lichen being shown to Mr. Dickson was pronounced by him the confluens of Weber, which he had already found in England. It grows on schistose or other rocks, and may easily be pared off in large pieces when moist. The crust is tartareous, soft and friable when dry, white within, its surface of a grey or smoky hue, tessellated, uneven, but not granu- lated, each little portion being rather concave; at least if not very old. Shields black, closely sessile, more or less clustered, at first flat and greyish, with an elevated, smooth, black border ; afterwards they grow convex, and by mutual pressure angular, being often so crowded together, as for 4 or 5 of them to make one aggregate tessellated shield. In the variety |S they are almost globose, but less aggregate.
* Richard Lubbock, M. D., died at Norwich, Sept. 2, 1808, aged 48.
/<J0l
" V • .
,
[ 1965 ]
F U C U S membrani folios. Membranous-leaved Fucus .
CRYPTOGAMIA Alg<z.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles, which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Stalk cylindrical, branched. Leaflets membranous, w edge-shaped, palmate, jagged, ob- tuse, without ribs. Tubercles lateral, ovate, some- what stalked. _
Syn Fucus membranifolius. Gooden . and Woodw , 1 r, 'of Linn . Soc . v. 3. 120. U 16. Turn . Syn . 25.
Hist, Fucor . 2. 6. r. 74. With, v, 4. 106.
iM. 317.
iS.F. ceranoidesy. Huds. 5 83.
F. parvus, cauliculis teretibus, summitatibus membra- naceis dilatatis et laceratis. ite'z «Sz/?2. 44 ; excluding Morison’s syn.
r.F. fimbriatus. Huds, 574. ^ With. v. 4. 105 ; ex- cluding Gmelin’s syn.” Turn .
NOT rare on the' coasts of Britain, bearing fruit in winter.
Mr. Turner considers it as perennial.
From a small roundish disk arise several fronds, usually near a span high, of a dull brownish red, greenish in decay, whose stalks are horny, much andirregulariy branched’cy- lindrical, sometimes flattened and dilated upwards. Lea"eta numerous, more or less stalked, membranous inclining to coriaceous, without ribs or veins, wedge-shaped but palmate, or in some cases pinnatifid ; the summits obtuse a"d J*® ^ the margins entire, except in variety y, in '',l^h the> "e finely trowed. Fructification usually situated on the upper part of the° stalks, sometimes on the surface or edges o the leaflets, stalked, though sometimes but slightly, ovate, small,
each tubercle containing a globular mass ° i,mu“htlt ele- Mr. Turner has also remarked oblong, dark-red, shg y vated spots, on both sides of the disk of some leaflets, con - W of dense jointed fibres like those in the tubercles of F. Griffithsice, t. 1926, which therefore he considers as be lon<Tin(r to the fructification.
DccZjfiotf. 2*i/J>?i.vh d In/ Jn t Soivcrfnj, Ztm/lon .
,
• '
■
[ 1966 ]
FUCUS Brodiaei. Brodiean Fucus.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gm. Char. Seed , produced in clustered tubercles,
, b„ncb.d. Leaflets
Jmtalus, oblong, simple or forbed, P»«=; without ribs. Tubercles spb.rrcal, s.ssrle about
the summits of the leaves. 72.
Svh. Fucus Brodiaei. Turn. Hist. Fucor.v . 2. 2. I. 72
F°K this
Tc“b " e ’ »bp»”—0«ed in the specific name, «
ISS
his extensive knowledge an z ^ ,easure of naming
cultivator, for which reason communicated
a new last March m ^
to the Lirnsean Society.
internal petals like Tu^ht£ t& memlranifolius, from Fucus Brodiwi t» next aki The leaflets are more
Which Mr. Turner somewhat elongated, especially m th ufer0Ug. The
wedge-shaped upwind a sessile or rather
tubercles are very ’ b J P whlch occasionally throw
innate at the summits of the eaflets, ^ Qf cach tubercle
out new leaflets beyon nem. ^ ^ ^ GriffilhsicB; t. 1926,
Tutto separate^pots, composed of such fib-, have been observed in this as in F. memlranifolms, t. 1965.
Z/r/ .zjPi, !> 7! £>u ,Ja / Sowefhiz JCtr/ufom/.
:■ ■' ; ; : ■> , : v
■
■
: % n
s .
«.
'
|
• t |
||
|
' i:; ' |
||
• ‘ • ; • • • •. «_
[ 1967 ]
F U C U S bacciferus. Berry-bearing Fucus .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles, which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Stalk thread-shaped, alternately bipinnate. Leaflets linear, serrated, with a mid-rib. Vesicles globose, coriaceous, on round stalks.
Syn. Fucus bacciferus. Turn . Syn. 55. Hist. Fucor. v. 1. 103. t. 47.
F. natans. Huds. 5*12. With. v. 4. 86. Hull . 316.
Communicated by Mr. Turner, who first distinguished it from F . naians , with which Linnaeus and other botanists had confounded it. Both are extremely abundant, floating in the ocean in various parts of the globe, and thence washed occasionally upon our shores ; but the present is so much the most frequent, that we have not been able as yet to procure the other for publication at the same time.
The root has not been observed. Frond, as we find it, a foot or more in length, dark olive brown, doubly pinnate in an alternate order; the stalks round and slender, zigzag, toughish. Leaflets alternate, on short stalks, an inch or more in length, linear, narrow, membranous inclining to coriaceous, strongly serrated, paler than the stalk, and each furnished with a mid-rib. Vesicles numerous, scattered, on round stalks a line or two long, of the size and shape of grains of black pepper, roughish, coriaceous, dark brown, hollow and smooth within. No fructification has been ob- served. Both the Fuel abovementioned are comprehended
by voyagers under the appellation of Gulph-weed.
1,967
jbv2jgw.j*iaasz >v &**to*0 •
\
H.-.-
/
>
i
.
.
.
• ,
[ 1968 ]
FUCUS ericoides. Heatli-like Fucus.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles, which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond round, repeatedly branched. Leaf- lets linear or pinnatifid. Upper branches slender, bearing oval innate vesicles and awl-shaped spines. Tubercles scattered among the spines.
Syn. Fucus ericoides. Linn. Sp. PL 1631. Gooden . and Woodw. Tr. of Linn . Soc. v. 3. 130. Hull. 317. F. selaginoides. Linn. Mant. 134. Gooden, and Woodw. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v , 3. 132. Hull. 318. Turn. Syn. 85.
F. tamariscifolius. Huds. 576. With. v. 4. 86.
Hull. 318. Turn. Syn . 88.
F. Erica-marina. Gmel. Fuci , 128. t. 11 .f. 2.
F. foliis ericas seu tamarisci. Raii Syn. 49.
Mr . STACKHOUSE, it seems, long ago contended that the synonyms above belonged to one and the same species, and Mr. Turner assures us he is now of the same opinion. We are obliged to our kind friend last named for specimens gathered by Mrs. Griffiths on the marine rocks of Devonshire, and others found by himself on Yarmouth beach. We have never been able to find sufficient differences to ma^k even a distinct variety between F. ericoides and selaginoides. Indeed Linnaeus adopted the former from other authors, and de- scribed only the latter from a specimen.
The root is a very firm orbicular disk. Whole plant of a deep olive brown, black when dry. Frond about a span high, very much and densely branched, round in every part, and tough ; the bottom various in thickness from one to three lines ; the branches slender and threadshaped. The lower branches bear crowded, narrow, linear leaflets, often an inch long, some of them cut and pinnatifid ; these disappear, as Mr. Turner observes, by age. The principal part of the plant consists of other branches, closely beset with innu- merable awl-shaped spines, intermixed with which, chiefly about their bases, are numerous little round sessile tubercles, each with a minute hollow at its summit. It fructifies in the summer.
1968
JanjL.7^oo . Htbli* 7ia Tfif Jilt tfowerby,Xo7uUrri «
.
[ 1969 ]
FUCUS fibrosus.
Fibrous Fucus .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algco.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles, which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond round, repeatedly branched. Leaf- lets undivided and entire; the lower ones mid- ribbed, linear ; the rest setaceous. Vesicles oval, innate in the branches. Tubercles crowded, nearly terminal.
Syn. Fucus fibrosus. Huds.575. Gooden, and Woodw. Tr, of Linn, Soc, v, 3. 137. Turn, Syn, 93. With, v, 4. 87. Hull. 318.
F. baccatus. Gmel, Fuci9 90. t. 3 ,f. 2.
F. setaceus. Huds . 575. With. v. 4. 86.
F. radicihus arborum fibrosis similis. Raii Syn. 49.
F. seu Acinaria maritima anglicana. Bocc. Mus. di Fis. 270, t. 6,f 5 ? copied in Gmelin, i. 1. B./ 2, for F. nodosus !
FoR this specimen, gathered on the south coast of England, we are obliged to Mr. Turner. The colour, according to that gentleman, is, in the fresh plant, tc a subdiaphanous yellowish olive,” but when dried it remains ever after nearly black. The frond is very much branched, from 1 to 3 feet high. Stalk thick and often compressed at the lower part; otherwise round, slender, zigzag. Lower leaflets stalked, linear, obtuse, entire, with a mid-rib ; the rest setaceous, various in length. Mr. Turner observes that sometimes all the leaflets are linear, sometimes all setaceous. Elliptical innate vesicles, about a line long, occur here and there along the branches, and at the summits numerous tubercles are densely clustered.
When the leaves are all setaceous, this is supposed to be F. setaceus of Hudson, who quotes Boccone’s miserable figure ; which figure is copied and gratuitously enlarged by Gmelin as a variety of F. nodosus. This Boccone’s description cannot authorize, but his plant may very well be our fibrosus. As he gathered it at Deal, it seems incumbent on English bota- nists to make something or other of his synonym, and this is one of those cases in which it is as profitable to believe as to examine.
1069
Jan . JubKsJul fry Jai S <r< i&fry Ji.mfrfrm .
.
'
■
[ 1970 ]
F U C U S corneus. Horny Pinnate Fucus.
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles, which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond horny, much-branched, compressed. Branches lanceolate, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ; seg- ments opposite, parallel, spreading, bluntish, bear- inff fruit at their summits. , TTr ,
Syn. Fucus corneus. Huds. 585. Gooden, and Woodw. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 3. 181. Turn. Syn. 272. With. v. 4. 117. Hull. 323. “ Stackli. Ner. 61. t. 12” Turner ,
F. sericeus. Gmel, Fuci , 149. t, 15, f, 3.
F. nereideus. Lightf. 956. . #
F. flavicans teretifolius, ramulis pennatim enascentibus.
Dill, in Rail Syn, 50,
Found on submarine rocks and stones, chiefly on the south coasts of England. Our larger specimen was gathered in the isle of Wight by Miss Everett; the smaller, which seems Mr. Stackhouse’s F.pusiUus, Ner. 16. i. 6, Mr. Borrer found at Brighthelmston. Lightfoot says this species is met with “ in the Frith of Forth, and other places, but not common.” It is said to bear fruit in the summer.
The fronds form entangled tufts, of a light red or tawny hue, with a waxy transparency, and when dry a horny elasti- city. They are repeatedly branched, the branches lanceolate, very regularly, and more or less deeply, pinnatifid or pectinate, sometimes simply, often doubly or triply, hence the various species of authors which can hardly be defined as varieties.
and Micinus of Hudson, 586, , and, as Mr. Turner
urn off*
l . With this last we are
unacquainted. The seeds of F. corneus are lodged in the tumid oval extremities of the lateral segments.
Z970
Jan*jj8oo%J3tib7ij7i ft bn Jii f Svwrrby Hendon .
i
[ 1971 ]
II 0 R D E U M murinum. Wall, or Mouse Barley.
TRIANDRIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Calyx lateral, of 2 valves, containing a single floret, and growing 3 together.
Spec. Char. Lateral flowers male, awned. Calyx- valves of the intermediate flower lanceolate, fringed. Syn. Hordeum murinum. Linn. Sp. PI. 126. Sm. FI. Brit. 155. Huds. 56. With. 111. Hull. 28. ed. 2.37. Belli. 46. Siblh. 5 1. Abbot. 26. Curt. Lond.fasc. 5. t. 9. Mart. Rust. t. 43. Knapp, t. 104. Dicks. H. Sicc.fasc. 13. 10. Sm. Rel. Rudb. 12./. 2.
Gramen secalinum et Secale sylvestre. Ran Syn. 391.
One of the most common of grasses by way-sides under walls, and in waste ground among rubbish, flowenng all summer
10IRoot annual, fibrous, whitish. Stems numerous, a foot or thereabouts in length, spreading in all directions at their base, but bent at their joints and ascending, smooth, leafy, round. Leaves loosely spreading, acute, rough, of a bnghttsh oreen, with short stipulas, and smooth, sightly '“fated, sheaths, of which the uppermost is much the longest. Spikes solitary erect, 2 or 3 inches long, dense, their common stiks very brittle, rough-edged. Flowers a whole imbricated in 2 rows. Calyx-valves of the 2 outer flowers bristle-shaped, rough ; those of the inner one lanceo- late and fringed ; all tipped with longish very rough* awns. Florets solitary in each calyx, lanceolate, very smooth, their outer valve only having a longer and equally rough awn w fl the calvx. The central flower is sessile, and has both sta mens and pistil, with a short rough bristle at the base of the ™ner valve, which is smooth; the lateral ones are smaller, stalked, and have stamens only. Their inner valve is fringed.
_! This is a worthless grass, but has not the bad proper y
of hurting horses’ gums like the Sqmrrel-ta.l Grass, . 1205, with which, as we have there mentioned, Mr. Curtis founded it.
/
cliy.Ioitd.}
I
.
’
■
• .1
'
'
'
_
■
[ 1972 ]
GALIUM uliginosum. Rough Marsh Bed-straw.
TETRANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor. of one petal, flat, superior. Seeds 2, roundish.
Spec. Char. Leaves six in a whorl, lanceolate, pointed, rigid, their edges rough with reflexed prickles. Fruit smooth, smaller than the corolla.
Syn. Galium uliginosum. Linn. Sp . PI. 153. Sin. FI. Brit . 175. Huds.68. With. 188. Hull. 36. ed. 2. 44. Relh. 56. Sibth. 58. Abbot. 33.
Aparine palustris minor parisiensis, flore albo. Dill, in Rail Syn . 225.
Of this little Galium there is scarcely a certain figure extant, for those cited in Willdenow’s Sp. PL are equally distinct from it and from each other. J. Bauhin’s Rulia quczdam minor, v. 3. 716, is too imperfect to be at all relied on.
Our plant is not uncommon in Norfolk, growing in wet ditches and boggy places among reeds, water-mints, &c., and flowering in July and August. The roots are small, creeping, perennial. Stems a foot or more in height, branched, rough, so very weak and brittle, that as the leaves stick to every thing around them and to each other, good specimens are with dif- ficulty extricated. The leaves are 6 in a whorl, variously spreading, light green, lanceolate inclining to obovate, tipped with a small bristle, their edges and keel rough with minute prickles pointing backwards, while a simple row of similar prickles often occurs on the upper side near the margin, and these always point forwards. Flowers small, white, on ter- minal, cloven stalks, which are smooth and usually 3 to- gether. Fruit small, dotted, but scarcely rough, and never, as far as we have observed, hairy.
19 72
Jcrn, a 28 op JpLcblirhld by Jo** ScnveJ'by, i nndvn
.
'
■
|
• |
|
|
' |
|
[ 1973 ]
MYOSOTIS palustris.
Water Scorpion-grass.
PENTANDRIA Monogynm.
Gen. Char. Cor . salver-shaped, 5-cleft, slightly notched;
its orifice closed with concave valves.
Spec. Char. Seeds smooth. Leaves oblong. Clusters many-flowered, without bracteas. Calyx funnel- shaped, its hairs straight and close-pressed.
Syn. Myosotis palustris. Both . Germ . v. 1. 87. v. 2. 221. Catal. v . 3. 30. With . 225. Hull. 46. Relh.
ed. 1. 76. 68. Abbot . 40.
M. scorpioides palustris. Ger. em. 337 . Linn. Sp. PI 188. Sm. FI. Brit. 212,- $. Huds. 78. Cwr*. Lond.fasc . 3. *. 13. ifan 229. £ArA.
Herb . 21.
Scorpiurus n. 591. iTa//. v. 1. 261.
W ITH great pleasure we profit of a remark made by the learned Dr? Roth in bis Catalecta, after bis friend Trentepohl, to decide the long-disputed question concerning the ibitish species of Myosotis. The acute botanist last mentioned ap- plying our principles, first suggested with regaro l? tenth's, to the present case, has found the pubescence of the calyx confirm all the other less decisive marks, and stamp the pre- sent as a very distinct species from our t. 480, w here is more- over an uncoloured morsel of the plant now before us.
The peculiar characters then of M. palustris , a comm plant about rivers and clear watery places, where it b ossoms in July and August, are the creeping perennial root, and the funnel-shaped caly i. Jig. 1. clothed all 0V^ «'Uh stra gM, rigid, shining, close-pressed hairs, and having its teeth broad, tmngular, shorter than the tube. The enamel ed brilliancy of the corolla renders this flower generally admired. The calvx of M. arvensis (M. scorpioides, t. 480,) is ovate, wit! deeper and sharper segments, and clothed with spreadmg m- curved bristles, by which it sticks to the coats o 1 animals , see fie. 2. Perhaps the yellow-flowered kmc!, FI. But. (3, s indee! a variety of this last, but the y, which grows m woods and is the tallest of all, though its calyx agrees l seems distinct. We hope to examine it anothcr sp mg We here acknowledge the favour of our excellent friend Profes. Martyn, who 9 years ago furnished us with hmts on above subject. See his edition of Miller s Dictionary.
2973
Jan aaHo^.JiMhiTia fof J,i -Uf. wr&j,
■
,
,1 - -
■
,
.
✓
[ 1974 ]
ALLIUM vineale. Crow Garlick.
HEXANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor. inferior, of 6 spreading petals. Spatha cloven, containing many flowers. Umbel dense. Stigma simple.
Spec. Char. Umbel bearing bulbs. Leaves cylin- drical. Stamina three-pointed.
Syn. Allium vineale. Linn. Sp. PL 428. Sm. FI. Brit. 359. Huds. 139. With. 333. Hull. 72. erf. 2.94. Relh. 132. Sibth. 109. Abbot. 74. A. sylvestre. Rail Syn. 369.
This Garlick is found in dry fields, more particularly on a calcareous soil, as well as about old ruinous buildings, flower- ing in July. Our specimen grew near Mackarel’s tower,
Norwich. _ . . ,
The root is a small, ovate, white bulb. Stem 2 feet high,
upright, slender, round, striated, leafy. Leaves long, taper- ing cylindrical, hollow, ribbed, smooth, fading before the flowers come out. Umbel small, with abundance of little ovate acute greenish bulbs, intermixed with a smaller number of capillary smooth purplish flower-stalks, club-shaped at the summit. Spatha pointed, deciduous. Petals closed, pale rose-coloured with green keels. Stamens longer than the pe- tals, the capillary lateral extremities of the 3 trifid ones longer than the part which bears the anther, and spreading horizontally. Germen somewhat pyramidal, with 3 lateral protuberances. Style very short.
Jan .Jidjlurli J7 7rv Jt* Jo'tafc', 2,
\
.
.
[ 1975 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM truncatulum.
Little Blunt -fruited Beardless-moss .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Veil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovate, pointed, flat, entire. Cap- sule top-shaped, with a dilated mouth.
Syn. Gymnostomum truncatulum. Hoffm. Germ . v. 2. 27. Sm. FL Brit . 1158. Sibth. 274. Turn. Muse . Hib . 7. t. \.f. d — f.
G. truncatum. Hedw . Muse. 30. Crypt, v. 1. 13* *. 5.
Bryum truncatulum. Lmn. £/>. P/. 1584. i/wefo. 477. With. 818. Hull 25S. Relh. 424>. Abbot. 242. Curt. Lond.fasc. 2. £. 71.
B. exiguum, creberrimis capsulis rufis. Z)///. Muse. 347. /. 45./. 7. F— K.
B. parvum, erectis subrotundis majusculis capitulis subfuscis, foliis serpilli pellucidis. Dill, in Rail Syn , 93.
Frequent about banks, dry ditches, and fallow fields, bearing fruit early in the spring.
The roots are annual. The plants scarcely grow crowded, but rather scattered, and have short, mostly simple, stems. Leaves bright green, spreading, ovate or rather somewhat ob- ovate, flat or slightly keeled, not concave, acute with a small point, but not tipped with a hair, furnished with a mid-rib, their margins entire. When dry they are slightly twisted, but not closed together. Fruit-stalk terminal, erect, longer than the stem, almost always solitary. Capsule brown, smooth, short, ovate at the base, its mouth abrupt, dilated, wider in diameter than any other part of the capsule. Lid broad, con- vex, with an oblique, obtuse, roundish beak, all together about as long as the capsule. Veil brownish, splitting obliquely.
This moss has been celebrated as the (( Hyssop of Solomon which springeth out of the wall,” but what that really is may be seen in our 18th vol. t. 1245.
We beg leave to correct an error respecting Gymnostomum Griffithianum, t. 1938. The Rev. Mr. Dalton and Mr. Hooker found it on rocks on the west side of Ingleborough, Yorkshire, not in Scotland.
If T
7975
Jan.i.idoy.TubTLsh’d by Jat Smvcrby T.rmdmt .
.
'
kJ
.
*
* '
m * Biflk . v i ■ • ■ ■
-
,
!
[ 1976 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM intermedium.
Longer * Blunt-fruited Beardless-moss .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci .
Gen. Char. Caps . without a fringe. Lid deciduous. Fez/ separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovato-lanceolate, pointed, flat, entire. Capsule elliptic-oblong, obtuse.
Syn. Gymnostomum intermedium. Sm. Ft. Brit. 1159. Turn. Muse . Hib. *l.t. 1. f a — c.
Bryum truncatulum. Ehrh. Crypt . 14.
B. exiguum, creberrimis capsulis rufis. Dill. Muse . 347. t. 45./. 7. A— E.
B. exiguum, erectis parvis subrotundis creberrimis capitulis rufis, foliolis serpilit angustis pellucidis. Dill, in Raii Syn. 94.
W HAT escaped the great Hedwig it may seem presump- tuous to decide upon as obvious, and yet we cannot hesitate to consider this as a very distinct species from G. truncatulumy as Mr. Turner and Mr. Dickson have long ago done. Dille- nius indeed discriminated them as varieties, but Mr. Turner thinks Hedwig confounded them entirely, and moreover that all his figures o \' truncatulum, except f. 12, belong to the pre- sent plant. To this we can scarcely assent, and we have sometimes presumed to doubt Mr. Turner’s own figure of intermedium. However that may be, we are indebted to him for the specimens here delineated, which agree with our own.
This species is very common on heaths and banks, growing more in tufts than the preceding, which it also exceeds in size, and its colour is rather paler. The leaves are narrower, more incurved and closed together by drying, and the fruit-stalk is longer. The capsule is nearly elliptical, or rather truly ovate, without any dilatation of the mouth, and not by any means top-shaped. Lid scarcely half so long as the capsule, obtuse- ly-pointed, slightly curved. This moss varies considerably
in size. Sometimes it is smaller than G. obtusum , t. 1407, sometimes larger, but the capsule is never so short and abrupt, the fruitstalk so strong and thick, nor the leaves so straight, or strongly ribbed.
7976
Jim . z,i8o<j.J\ib7L9i '1 7n j Ja f S invtfTty jCondon .
.
'
■
.
[ 1977 ]
DICRANUM flagellare.
Slender-branched, Fork-moss.
CR YPTO GAM1A Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 1 6 flat, cloven teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem branched, fibrous. Leaves bristle- shaped, dilated at the base, with a pellucid broadish nerve ; all curved to one side. Capsule erect, cy- lindrical, somewhat furrowed.
Syn. Dicranum flagellare. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 130. Crypt, v. 3. 1. t. 1. 5m. FI. Brit. 1206. Turn.
Muse. Hib.61.
Bryum flagellare. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 3. 6. With . 831. Hull. 262.
A RARE inhabitant of mountainous rocky heaths. Mr. Dickson found it on Ben Nevis ; Mr. Turner gathered our present specimens in fructification m the vicinity of Lough gray, Ireland, and we have found it, without fructification, but with very fine red fibres on the stem, on Cromford moor near Matlock. It bears fruit at uncertain periods during the
SUThe stems are perennial, branched, leafy, growing in tufts, from 1 to 3 inches high, clothed with delicate dense fibres, or radicles, which are either of a rusty brown, or almost blood- red Some branches are occasionally elongated, and furnished rather with scales than leaves. The leaves in general are curved to one side, at least in the young growing plant, and are yellowish, shining, awlshaped, entire, with a very slender, slightly zigzag, point, and a dilated concave base, in whic broadish plllucid rib, that vanishes upwards, ls mo'e or 'e® visible. Fruits talks solitary, erect, of a Pa,e> Pel'"^ twisted when dry, enveloped at the base with some ddated sheathing leaves. ^ Capsule a little incurved, cylindrical with a fine taper lid of about half its own length , when old fur- rowed of angular in the upper part. Fringe small, brown.
1077
Jati.jUiSofrTRlrtitfhTl it/ Jit f tloiverby. Xandon/.
$
'
■
X
■ .
. * ■
■
[ 1978 ]
D I C R A N U M aciculare. Dark Mountain Fork-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 16 flat, cloven teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem ascending, branched. Leaves lan- ceolate, obtuse, somewhat spreading, a little inclining to one side. Capsule cylindrical. Lid awl-shaped. Syn. Dicranum aciculare. Hedw . Sp. Muse . 1 35. Crypt . v. 3. 79. t. 33. Sm. FI. Brit. 1212. Turn . Muse. Hib. 67.
Bryum aciculare. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1583. Huds. 479. Hull. 261. Light f. 725. Dicks. H. Sicc . fasc. 6. 20.
B. montanum hemiheterophyllum, operculis acutis.
Dill. Muse. 366. t. 46. f. 25.
B. Hypnoides erectum montanum, erectis capitulis acutis. Dill, in Raii Syn. 94.
Mnium aciculare. With. 798.
Jt1 REQUENT and plentiful in mountainous situations, about rivulets and other watery places, flowering in autumn, and ripening fruit in the spring. The stems are about 2 or 3 inches high, taper at the base, branched and leafy above, forming loose tufts. Leaves imbricated on all sides, but rather in- clining one way, opaque, dark green, except the young ones, ovato-lanceolate, obtuse, rather concave, somewhat revolute, entire, with a strong rib, but no terminal point or hair. Fruit-stalks towards the tops of the branches, finely twisted when dry, red-brown, soon becoming black. Capsule per- fectly erect, smooth, cylindrical, somewhat elliptical. Lid awlshaped, straight, red at the base. Fringe deep crimson. Veil the shape of the lid, split into several teeth at its base.
When growing in water, the whole moss becomes nearly black, and is Ddleoius’s t. 46. f. 26. Bryum hypnoides re- pens aquaticum, erectis capitulis acutis. Raii Syn. 94.
.
■ -
-
■
*
• f
.
r
*.
.
[ 1979 ]
LICHEN speciosus.
Elegant Garland Lichen.
.
CR YP TOG AM I A Algce.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Imbricated, radiated, somewhat cartila- ginous, greenish white ; snow-white with grey fibred beneath ; its segments linear, slightly fringed, ob- tuse and powdery at the extremities. Shields brown, with a white, notched or leafy, border.
Syn. Lichen speciosus. JVulfen in Jacq . Coll . v. 3. 1 19. t. 7. Ach. Prod. 123.
Parmelia speciosa. Ach. Meth. 193.
FEW botanists are acquainted with this Lichen, nor could we, in the difficult tribe to which it belongs, have been certain of it but for authentic German specimens, which Mr. Turner has compared with those discovered by himself and Mr. W. J. Hooker at Ballacheulish, in North Britain, near Fort William, one of which is drawn in our plate. The fructifica- tion however, being extremely rare, and never yet met with in Britain, we have been obliged to supply from a North Ameri- can specimen, communicated long ago by our ever respected and lamented friend Mr. Forsyth.
The fronds spread among moss, and are looselv imbri- cated, depressed, deeply cut into linear, many-cleft, radi- ating segments, w hose dilated very obtuse extremities are pow- dery. Upper surface smooth, tolerably even, light greenish or glaucous, (we have never seen it so green as in Wulfen’s figure), blueish- white when dry; tinder surface of the lobes pure white, with a few grey or black fibres, the more central under part clothed with dense black radicles. The margin is slightly or occasionally fringed. Shields sessile, rather convex, browm ; their border of the substance and colour of the frond, indexed, crenate, at length encircled with an elegant series of leaves like a garland, as in L. Burgessii.f t. 300.
1979
Fd>
i iSoej Tub&rKd fry Ja-S -Sewer by Lopdon
.
. ■ i •’
*
■
’
> A • v •' ...
.
.
' •
.
-
■ ■
■
t 1980 ]
LICHEN saturninus. Saturnine Gelatinous Lichen.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algos.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Leafy, gelatinous, membranous, dark greenish lead-coloured ; glaucous and downy be- neath ; its lobes ascending, rounded, wavy. Shields scattered, reddish-brown, with a thin border.
Syn. Lichen saturninus. Sm. Tr. of L. Soc. v. 1. 84. Dicks. Crypt . fasc. 2. 21. t. 6. f 8. Ach . Prod . 132. IVith. v. 4. 60. Hull . 298.
L. myochrous. Ehrh. Crypt. 286.
Parmelia saturnina. Ack. Meth * 221. tVinch Guide v. 2. 58.
Mr . DICKSON discovered this on trunks of trees in Scot- *
land, about the same time that I gathered it in France and Savoy. Mr. Turner favoured us with our present specimens fromi Killin, North Britain. Ehrhart gathered his at Upsal, where it had escaped the notice of Linnaeus, but Professor Acharius remarked and described it by the name of discolor, which, though excellent, he has given up to our prior appella- tion.
Thi^ species resembles Jlaccidus , t. 1658, and granulatus, t. 17 5 7, but is of a more lead-coloured black than either, and moreover known by the downy whitish covering of its under side, which is peculiar. Ehrh art’s name (mouse-skin Lichen) alluding to this circumstance is very expressive. The shields, rare in Britain, are scattered over the upper surface, a little elevated, of a reddish brown more or less dark, with a thin margin of the substance of the frond.
1980
J?eb i i8og PumUsKcL 7?y JaJ ^ov/e^by London
[ 1981 ]
LICHEN tremelloides. Nostoc Gelatinous Lichen.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Leafy, gelatinous, membranous, thin, smooth all over, green ; light lead-coloured when dry ; lobes ascending, rounded, folded, somewhat notched. Shields scattered, rather elevated, flat, reddish, with a smooth pale border.
Syn. Lichen tremelloides. Linn . Suppl . 450. Ach . Prod . 136.
L. cochleatus. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 1. 13. t. 2 .f. 9.
With. v. 4. 74. Hull. 300.
Parmelia tremelloides. Ach. Metli . 224.
This Lichen I first gathered in 1782 on the east side of Dumbarton castle rock, in a moist spot near the bottom, but without shields. In Devonshire, whence Mr. Slater sent spe- cimens to Mr. Dickson, it is more generally found in fructifi- cation. Tts fronds grow in creeping patches, and are very thin and tender, ascending, roundly lobed, a little notched here and there, of a dullish green when wet, of a light lead- colour when dry, smooth and naked all over, and of the same hue above and below. Shields scattered over the upper sur- face, somewhat elevated, with a flat reddish-chesnut disk, and a thick very smooth border, externally like the frond, but its inner edge is pale and buff-coloured.
Thunberg found this at the Cape of Good Hope, and the late Mr. Curtis is said to have gathered it in Yorkshire. Mr. Griffith declares it to be very common about his residence at Garn. We trust we need not dispute with that generally cor- rect botanist on the subject of its difference from granulatits, t. 1 757. The latter becomes almost black by drying.
1981
Fe,b i i8oy FublLfhxl by Jet1 Sawn-by Lvndort
X
'
• '
V
[ 1982 }
LICHEN lacer.
J citXSicd Gelatinous Lichen*
CRYPTOGAMIA Jlgce.
Gen Char. Male, scattered warts. # ,
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, m which the
seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Leafy, gelatinous, membranous, ex- tremely thin, nearly upright, blueish brown ; lobes dilated, finely jagged and fringed. _ Shields scatter- ed, minute, concave, red, with a thick brown border.
SY£: tr^Sd 8«. mi 300.
Relh. 464. Sibth. 328.
L. Tremella. With. 72. . .
Lichenoides pellucidum, endivia folus tenuibus crispis.
Dill Muse. 143. t. 19./. SI.
L. saxatile tenue rufescens. Dill, m Ran ft”-™ Parmelia lacera. Jch. Meth. 225. Winch Guide
v • 2# 5 8»
Tremella lichenoides. Xinn. S/>. X/. 1625.
We resign with regret Hudson’s name for this pretty Lichen, out of deference to Linnaeus and Acharius, see last page ; but we presume to change the word lacerus for the more classical lacer. We gathered our specimens long ago, full of shields, in Scotland and Westmoreland. The fronds grow nearly erect, among moss to which they adhere, being extremely thin and delicate, almost pellucid, light brown with a tinge of blue sometimes very vivid, and but little changed by drying, rom a slender pale base they dilate and divaricate into a variously lobed and singularly jagged figure, the edges toothed or fringed. The shields, chiefly found in the north, are when
present abundant, minute, prominent, with a red concave is ,
and thick smooth light-brown border. The young ones ref semble little grains like millet, scattered over the surface ot the fronds. Jacq. CM. v. 3. t. 11. /. >, surely cannot be our plant, for nothing can be '.ess like it !
1982
-Fh£> 1 j Q oy ^PubtupKcl by Jas Sow erby London.
|
- |
|
|
. |
|
|
% |
|
,
, ■
-
.
'
h yi : , . •
-
.
.
[ 1983 ]
S C I R P U S carinatus. Blunt-edged Club-rush.
O
TRIANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Glumes chaffy, imbricated every way, all fertile. Cor . none. Seed 1 .
Spec. Char. Stem bluntly triangular upwards, naked ; round at the base. Panicle cymose, terminal. Brac- tea upright, pungent, channelled. Stigmas two.
Syn. Scirpus lacustris y. Sm . FI . Brit. 32. Huds. 19. With . 75. Hull. 13.
Juncus aquaticus medius, caule carinato. Dill, in Rail Syn . 428.
Doody’s furrowed Bull-rush. Pet. Cone. Gram . n. 199.
GATHERED in the Thames below Battersea bridge. Mr. Edward Forster found it above Westminster bridge, and we are obliged to him for pointing it out as distinct from the Common Bull-rush, t. 666, as well as for verifying the above synonyms by Buddie’s Herbarium.
In its root, general habit, and aspect, as well as in the round base of its stem, it agrees with S. lacustris , t. 666, but differs in having the stem bluntly triangular, with rather con- vex sides, in its upper part, even below the middle, as well as in having a strong, erect, pungent, concave, leaf-like brac- tea, approaching to the nature of the extended point of the stem of S. triqueter , t. 1694, to which latter species this is most nearly allied, belonging to the same section ot its genus, and having likewise but 2 stigmas, while lacustris has 3. S. triqueter is acutely triangular to the very base of its stem, and its panicle commonly much smaller and more simple than in the plant before us.
2S87>
-
'
.
.
.
'
' 1
.
-
.
I
[ 1984 ]
B R O M U S arvensis. Taper * Field Brome-grass.
TRIANDRIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . of 2 valves. Spike/et oblong, 2-
ranked. Awn from below the top. Inner husk fringed.
Spec. Char. Panicle spreading, drooping, compound. Spikelets lanceolate, acute, about eight-flowered. Florets elliptical, imbricated, smoothish, with two close ribs on each side.
Syn. Bromus arvensis. Linn . Sp. PL 113. FL Suec. n. 97. Sm. Tv. of L. Soc . v. 4. 289. Fl. Brit . 130. Rel. Rudb . 15. Leers i. 1 1 .f. 3. Ehrh . Calam . 64. B. spiculi-tenuata. Knapp t. 81.
B. verticillatus. Cavan . Ic . t. 590.
Festuca elalior, paniculis minus sparsis, locustis ob- longis strigosis aristatis purpureis splendentibus. &/w. ed. 2. 261.
Two distinct species have been confounded under Bromus arvensis in England. This, to which all the above synonyms, as well as the rest in Fl. Brit, after Ray’s, and the description, certainly belong, was gathered by Sherard near Southampton, by Mr. W. Backhouse and by Mr. Knapp on the coast of Durham. The latter botanist rightly distinguished it, but \vas unfortunate in its name, not suspecting it to be the true original arvensis .
It is an annual plant, flowering late. The stem is often a yard high, with a very large, branching, many-flowered, drooping, and at length pendulous panicle, whose lowest stalks mostly have bracleas at their base; a great peculiarity. Leaves dowmy. Sheaths of the lower ones clothed with dense short deflexed hairs. Spikelets slender, lanceolate, shining, varie- gated with purple, of about 8 florets with upright awns.
We must therefore substitute for the letter-press of t. 920 the following character and synonyms.
v. 13. t, 920.
B R O M U S pratensis.
Tumid Field Brome-grass .
Spec. Char. Panicle spreading, compound. Spikelets ovate, turgid, eight- or ten-flowered. Florets ellip- tical, broad, imbricated, smoothish, with three equi- distant ribs on each side.
Syn. Bromus pratensis. Ehrh. Calam, 116.
B. arvensis. Knapp t. 82. Dicks. H. Sicc.fasc , 18. 5*
JTtllS is the Earsham plant, found also by Mr. Lambert at Boyton, Wiltshire. Our description at p . 920 requires cor- rection, as having been made with some reference to the true arvensis above.
1984:
Jib j lSog PublLrhid by Jaf Sov/erby Z oncim
|
. |
|||
|
■ |
|||
'
■
- - "
. ,
.
[ 1985 ]
P 0 T A M O G E T O N lanceolatum.
Lanceolate Pondweed.
TETRANDRIA Tetragynia.
Gen. Char, Cal none. Petals 4. Style none. Seeds 4. Spec. Char. Leaves lanceolate, membranous, entire, tapering at the base. Spike ovate, dense, of few
flowers. „
Syn. Potamogeton ramosum angustifolium. Bautu
Pin . 193. Prod . 101 ?
This Potamogeton was communicated by the Rev. H. Da- vies from the lakes of North Wales, flowering in August. The stems are floating, very slender, round, branched, with creeping perennial roots. Leaves an inch and half or 2 inches long, uniform, lanceolate, bluntish, entire, flat, thin, with 1 rib and several reticulated veins, tapering at the base. They are alternate except where the flowers are situated. Stipulas narrow, lanceolate, acute. Flower-stalks solitary from the bosom of 1 stipula of the opposite leaves, nearly as long as the corresponding leaf, cylindrical, equal. Spike short and ovate, obtuse, dense, uninterrupted, of 8, 10 or 12 small flowers. The colour of the whole plant is either dark green or brownish.
We dare not positively quote any synonym for the above plant, yet we are not without suspicion that those of Baubm applied to P. setaceum may possibly belong to it. Can it be the setaceum of Hudson or Linnaeus ) Their specific charac- ter, whatever we may think of the name, is not altogether adverse. No one knows this setaceum. Botanists copy its barren definition from each other, but scarcely any appears to have examined it. Being like others in total ignorance, I have merely hazarded a presumption in FI. Bril, that its « leaves are setaceous,” which word perhaps may only apply to their points, or to the stems, flower-stalks, or stipulas. In this uncertainty we can but offer conjectures to be confirmed or refuted by future inquiries, and in the mean while we have given our plant a name which is free from all ambiguity.
[ 1986 ]
H Y PERICU M barbatum.
Bearded St . Johns Jfort.
POLY ABEL? HI A Polyandria.
Gen. Char. Cal. deeply ,5-cleft, inferior. Pet . 5. Filaments numerous, united at the base into 3 or 5 sets. Caps, with many seeds.
Spec. Char. Styles three. Calyx and petals fringed and dotted. Leaves ovate, dotted. Stem erect, slightly angular.
Syn. Hypericum barbatum. Jacq. Austr. v. 3. 33. t. 259. Linn. Hyper. in Am. Acad. v. 8. 323. mild. Sp. PL v. 3. 1462.
Scarcely any botanical discovery with which, through the kindness of our friends, we have been enabled to enrich our work, has given us more pleasure than this beautiful Hy- pericum, found by Mr. G. Don, (t by the side of a hedge near the wood of Aberdalgy in Strath Earn, Perthshire, but spa- ringly, flowering in the end of September or October.” Some of his specimens have reached us in a sufficiently fresh state to be drawn in the annexed plate. We know not that this plant has been much noticed by authors, hut we have speci- mens from Switzerland and Italy, as well as Austrian ones
from Jacquin. . ...
The root is perennial. Stems a foot or more in height, leafy, erect, straight, scarcely branched except at the top ; round and purplish at the bottom ; rather angular upwards. Leaves sessile, opposite, ovate, bluntish, entire, slightly revo- lute, smooth, veiny, sprinkled on both sides with dark-pur- plish o-landular dots, blowers yellow, in a terminal leafy up- rioht forked panicle, with lanceolate bracteas and calyx-leaves, both which are strongly and copiously fringed, in the most elegant manner, with long pale glandular hairs. Petals ob- ovate, minutely fringed or toothed, dotted like the leaves, as well as the calyx and bracteas. Stamens in 3 sets. Anthers orbicular. Styles 3. Jacquin says the capsule is covered with resinous dots.
1986
|
• |
||
|
■ |
||
■
'
'
■
iikfj!
X
\
[ 1987 ]
EQUISETUM variegatum.
Variegated Hough Horsetail .
CR YP TOG AMI A Fi/ices.
Gen. Char. Catkin composed of peltate scales* flowering on their inside. Partial calyx of 2 valves. Seeds numerous, naked, enfolded by 4 pollen-bearing filaments.
Spec. Char. Stem naked, very rough, branched at the base. Sheaths black, with white, membranous, lanceolate teeth. Catkin terminal.
Syn. Equisetum variegatum. Schleich . Catal . 21.
E. campanulatum. Poirel in Lam . Encycl. v. 5. 613.
E. nudum minus variegatum basileense. Bank. Pin . 16. Proclr. 24. Theatr . 250.
E. n. 1678. Hall. Hist. v. 3. 3.
i? OR the discovery of this very distinct species of Equisetum in Britain, we are obliged to Mr. G. Don, who gathered it, in July 1807, on the sands of Barry on the sea coast of An- gusshire. It is preserved in JacquiiTs herbarium, which now makes a part of Sir J. Banks’s rich collection, by the apt name of variegatum , a name peculiarly eligible, as adopted from the synonym of C. Bauhin, the first discoverer of this plant, and as being that by which it is known in Switzerland. There is a Swedish specimen in the Linnaeati herbarium, confounded with hyemale , t. pi 5, and in ihe Ft. Sue e. it is not distin- guished as even a variety, though both appear to grow in Sweden.
The root is perennial, black, creeping, with very woolly fibres. Stems from 4 to 6 inches high, slender, deeply fur- rowed, rough like those of E. hyemale ; in our plants decum- bent or ascending, and zigzag, in Swiss ones erect and straight. This difference we conceive to arise from the different places of growth, as in Carex inci/rva, t. 9^7, and j unci folia of Al- liotii, erroneously separated by some botanists. Each joint is encircled with a little short black cup-like sheath, crowned with a row of lanceolate white membranous teeth, by which the species is evidently distinguished from hyemale. The up- permost sheath is very much larger than the rest. Catkin .short, ovate, blacker than in the hyemale , and on a more slender stalk.
lStr
Fcb.i.iftog.Fub&ha by Jo?. Sowa-by London,.
4
*
.
[ 1988 ]
GRIMMI A striata.
Striated Grimmia.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of 16 teeth, broadest at their base. Flowers terminal. Feil cylindrical. Spec. Char. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, keeled, entire, incurved when dry. Capsule bell-shaped, furrowed. Lid bristle-shaped, oblique.
Syn. Grimmia striata. Schrad. Journ . 1799. v. 2. 57. Sm. FL Brit . 1185.
G. crispata. Roth . Germ, v . 3. 145.
Weisia fugax. Hediu . Sp . Muse. 64. t. 13. f. 5- — 10. Bryum crispatum. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 3. 3. t. 4. With. 833. /&//. 264.
Scottish specimens of this rare moss were communicated by Mr. Turner ; we have received very fine ones also from Snowdon, gathered by Mr. Griffith. It is one of the smallest of the Grimmice , annual, growing in tufts, and bearing fruit in May and June.
The stems are about a quarter of an inch high, very slender, brittle, branched, leafy. Leaves light-green, linear or some- what lanceolate, entire, acute, keeled, strongly reticulated, furnished with a strong mid-rib. When dry they are incurved and crisped. Fruitstalks about a quarter of an inch long, erect, yellowish. Capsule erect, red- brown, small, ovate, at length dilated and bell-shaped, furrowed. Lid as long as the capsule, oblique, awlshaped, slender. Fringe pale-brown or reddish, its teeth generally cohering by their tips, and, as Hedwig ob- serves, very brittle, so that their bases only remain. \ eil long, cylindrical, erect, yellowish.
1988
Feb i iSop JublisHcl bp Jc£ J'owerby London
I
-
‘
■
,
/
■ V
-
■
;
*
[ 1989 ]
D I C Pt A N U M falcatum.
Sickle-leaved Fork-moss .
CRYPTOGAM1A Musch.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 16 flat, cloven teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem generally simple. Leaves bristle- shaped, curved one way, single-nerved. Capsule obovate, drooping, with a little swelling beneath it.
Syn. Dieranum falcatum. Hedw. Sp. Muse . 150.
t. 32. f. 1 — 7. &m. FI. Brit. 1208.
Bryum longifolium. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 3. 7. With . 834. Hull. 264.
Gathered last summer by Messrs. Borrer and Hooker on the highest summit of Ben Lawers, Scotland, it being one of the most alpine of our British mosses. Mr . Dickson, who first found it, mentions its station as about rills of water.
This species has much the aspect of D . heteromallum , t. 1272, but its leaves are even more sickle-shaped and curved to one side. The capsule is essentially distinguished by an oblique, strumose, or gland-like, swelling under its base, and by the form of the lid, which is awlshaped, not of the fine setaceous figure of that species, nor is it so long. The cap- sule itself is moreover less turgid and not polished. Its form is sometimes nearly ovate, but generally, from the great width of the mouth, rather obovate. Veil obtuse.
The real Dieranum longifolium , found in Scotland by Mr. G. Don since the Flora Britannica was published, is a very different plant, having no nerve in the leaf, nor any swelling under the capsule, not to mention other distinctive marks.
M&0
; tV . 7 . . ;■
■
[ 1990 ]
DICRANUM patens.
Spreading-branched Fork-moss.
CR YP TO GAMIA Musci .
Gen. Char. Caps . oblong. Fringe of 16 flat, cloven teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem ascending. Lesser branches spread- ing. Leaves lanceolate, acute, straight, single- ribbed. Capsule nearly ovate. Fruitstalk twisting.
Syn. Dicranum patens. Sm. FI. Brit. 1213.
Bryum patens. Dicks . Crypt, fasc. 2. 6. t. 4. f 3.
GATHERED by Messrs. Hooker and Borrer on Ben Nevis, where it grows on stones in the alpine rivulets. Mr. G. Don finds it plentifully in the shires of Inverness and Angus, and Mr. Turner observed it on Snowdon in Wales. Foreign bo- tanists seem not acquainted with this species. It is perennial, bearing fruit rather early in summer.
The stems ascend in a lax spreading manner, and their black wiry bases are often stripped of leaves ; above they are branched, leafy, the shorter branches spreading sometimes ho- rizontally. Leaves almost upright or but little spreading, linear-lanceolate for the most part, acute, but pointless, keeled, single-ribbed, entire, when dry slightly revolute; their colour is a dark blackish hue, except the young ones, which are of a light and pleasant green, and some of the latter are olten almost ovate at their base. Fruitstalks lateral, short, in pro- cess of time becoming curved or twisted. Capsule erect, ovate or elliptical. Mr. J. D. Sowerby has observed it to be marked with 8 slightly prominent ribs. The fringe is crimson. Lid conical, straight. Veil toothed at the base.
199C
[ 1991 ]
TRICIIOSTOMUM ericoides. Heath-like Hoary Fringe-moss.
CRYPTOGAM1A Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 32 capillary, straightish teeth, approximated or united in pairs. Spec. Char. Leaves ovata-lanceolate, recurved, keeled and deeply channelled, with a pellucid finely ser- rated point. Capsule ovate. Stem erect, with very short branches.
Syn. Trichostomuin ericoides. Schrad. Spicil. 62. Sm. FI. Brit. 1241. Turn . Muse. Hib . 38.
T. elongatum. Ehrh. Crypt. 233.
Bryum ericoides. Ticks. Crypt, fasc. 4. 14.
B. hypnoides. Linn. Sp. PI. 1585, y. Huds. 480, g.
With. 820, var. 4. Hull. 259, var. 4.
B. hypnoides, ericae facie, capsulis barbatis, alpinum.
Till. Muse. 371. t. 47. /. SI- B. hypnoides, capitulis plurimis erectis, non lanugi- nosum. Till, in Raii Syn. 478.
Richardson communicated this moss to Dillenius from the higher part of Snowdon, and few British botanists besides have ever seen it. Messrs. Borrer and Hooker met with our specimens last summer on the sandy shores of the Tay near
Dunkeld. . ...
The stems are perennial, 2 or 3 inches high, growing up- right in loose tufts, subdivided, furnished with abundance ot little, short, alternate, spreading or recurved, branches. Ine stem and branches are clothed with lanceolate, or ovato- lanceolate, spreading and recurved leaves, entire at their edges, each marked with a deep channel and keeled, with- out a mid-rib, and terminating in a white, transparent, hair- like, finely serrated point. Fruitstalks terminating the last- year’s shoots, erect, an inch or more in length, dark purple, twisted. Capsule erect, ovate inclining to cylindrical, smooth, brown. Lid awlshaped, straight. Fringe purple, straight, nearly as long as the capsule. Veil toothed. ,
We find the leaves of this species, even in Ehrhart s speci- men, have no true nerve, and therefore that mark of distinc- tion fails us with respect to T. canescens.
1991
% :
’ -;f h ■ '
-
-
'
■
'
-
[ 1992 ]
HYPNUM molle. Soft Water Feather-moss <
CR YP TOGA MIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, ovate-oblong, from a lateral scaly sheath. Outer fringe of 1 6 teeth, dilated at the base : inner a variously-toothed membrane. Veil smooth.
Spec. Char. Stem much-branched, lax and slender. Leaves ovate, entire, concave, ribless, somewhat pointed. Capsule ovate. Lid hemispherical, pointed.
Syn. Hypnum molle. Dicks . Crypt, fasc. 2. 11 ,t. 3. f 8. Sm. FI. Brit. 1312. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 27 3. t. 70 ./. 7—10. With. 862. Hull. 273.
1H0R this moss also, as well as those in our three preceding plates, we are indebted to Mr. Hooker and Mr. Borrer, who gathered it on Ben N^vis, in the alpine rivulets of that mountain, last summer.
The stems are perennial, much branched, floating, forming loose soft tufts ; the branches variously scattered, leafy and blunt. Leaves loosely imbricated on all sides, a little spread- ing, so as to give the plant a soft elastic feeling to the touch ; their colour is a light yellowish green ; their form ovate, broad, concave, with a flattish short point, but no terminal bristle. There is no mid-rib, but only 2 or 3 plaits at the base of each leaf, and the margin is either quite entire, or appearing very slightly toothed under a high magnifier. Fruit- stalks rare, scarcely an inch long, reddish, incurved. Leaves of the sheaths lanceolate, acute. Capsule inclining, roundish- ovate, smooth, of a rusty brown. Lid, hitherto unobserved, short, hemispherical rather than conical, with a little blunt point.
/
b/lar x l&Dff Pub&sTid ly Jas So-ncrby I.ondo-n
[ 1993 ]
LICHEN erythrellus- Orange Stone Lichen.
O
CRYPTOGAMIA Jlgce.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the
seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust lemon-coloured, thin, dispersed, in minute, angular, smooth fragments. Shields sessile, deep orange, with a lighter border ; at length becoming nearly globose, and the border obliterated.
Syn. Lichen erythrellus. Ach. Prod . 43.
Parmelia erythrella. Ach . Meth. 1 74.
DETECTED by Mr. Hooker and Mr. Borrer on walls in Glen Orchy about Loch Tay, and elsewhere in the Highlands last summer. Their specimens, drawn in our plate, agree precisely with the authentic one sent by Dr. Achanus.
This is a minute species, but very distinct. Its original describer suggests its affinity to L. salicinus, t. 1305, but they surely cannot be confounded. The crust of this before „s consists of very minute, dispersed, angular, smooth, lemon-coloured fragments, inseparable from the hard stone on which it grows, and quite unlike in nature from the con- tinued, somewhat orbicular, crust of t. 1305. The diminutive shields, larger however than the portions of the crust are scattered, sessile, of a deep reddish orange, with a thick, smooth, paler border. In process of time the disk is said by Dr. Acharius to become so convex that the border disappears. We have not seen the shields in this state.
/
1993
May a iSoa JPuilirTid 2>_y Ja' J" m/crhy London.
r
■
I
• *
[ 1994 ]
LICHEN nivalis. Snow Lichen .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Leafy, membranous, ascending, laciniated, pitted, of a sulphureous white, yellow at the base; its segments flattish, repeatedly divided, divaricated, notched, warty. Shields in front towards the mar- gin, flesh-coloured, with a crenate border.
Syn. Lichen nivalis. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1612. FI. Lapp . ed. 2. 355. t. 11./. 1. Ach. Prod . 171. Dicks :
Crypt, fasc. 3. 17. With. v. 4. 60. Hull. 298. Villars Dauph. v. 3. 955. var. 1. t. 55. FI. Dan . t. 227.
Lichenoides lacunosum candidum glabrum, endivias crispse facie. Dill. Muse. 162. t. 21./. 56 A.
Cetraria nivalis. Ach. Meth. 294.
The specimen in our plate was brought from the Highlands of Scotland by Mr. Turner and Mr. Hooker in 1807, but our first knowledge of this Lichen as a native of that country was derived from Dr. R. Townson in 1790, as mentioned m the 2d edition of Linn. FI. Lapp. It always prefers the highest or coldest, drv and rocky, places.
The fronds are of the palest sulphur-colour, almost white, tufted, entangled amongst other Lichens or mosses, mem- branous, brittle when dry, repeatedly cut into narrow, diva- ricated, notched segments, all over pitted or cellular, not unaptly resembling in form and colour small leaves of curled endive. Little blackish warts occur here and there on the edges, but what share they have in the fructification is un- known.
The real shields of this Lichen are one of our chief deside- rata. We have in vain searched the herbarium of Linnaeus for his Dalecarlian specimen, figured in FI. Lapp . t. 1 1./. 1 ; but as his description agrees with that of Villars, we have profited of both in our above specific character. We hope some future traveller in Scotland may find our L. cucullatus , Tr. of L. Soc. v. 1. 84. t. 4./. 7, whose shields grow on the back of the leaf, under hoods, and whose fronds are chan- nelled, scarcely pitted or wrinkled.
199 4
Mar j J-J.y J’uhlirK&Try Jet* JPowerty Xondon
■
■
'
■
■
|
. |
>
‘
■
. V
•i
.
r
'
. ■ - '' ; i
!■ :
[ 1995 ]
CONFERVA vaginata.
Sheathed Conferva ,
CRYPTOGAMIA Algos .
Gen. Char. Seeds produced within the substance of the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles united with it.
Spec. Char. Glaucous-green, branched, cylindrical, obscurely jointed. Joints as broad as long. Several branches embraced in one sheathing membrane.
Syn. Conferva vaginata. Dilliu. Conf. t. 99.
Oscillatoria vaginata. Vaucher Conf. 200. t . 15./. 13.
This it seems is not an uncommon production. We have seen it on the earth of garden pots, and running up their insides, at Norwich, in the damp months of winter, but could never see its structure to our satisfaction. Mr. Sowerby has observed it at Mead Place, Lambeth, and has received it from several friends. The specimens in the annexed plate were found by Mr. Borrer, forming patches several inches wide, on footpaths at Hurst Perepoint, Sussex, in December last.
The fronds grow close to the ground, or garden pot, crossing each other, branching, and forming a sort of irregular network of a more or less glaucous green hue, sometimes nearly black, slippery and moist to the touch, soon withering when gathered, but as soon reviving by the accession of moisture. The filaments when examined separately are very pale and pellucid, with scarcely perceptible but very regular joints, about as broad as long. Several filaments are em- braced in one common membranous very delicate tubular sheath, which is peculiar. Here and there are found lateral balls, resembling the fruit of some Confervce , but containing coiled filaments.
199 S
«
.
.
■ >
■
.
'
.
[ 1996 ]
CONFERVA corymbifera, Corymbiferous Conferva.
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga?.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced within the substance of the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles united with it.
Spec. Char. Dull blackish green, much and alternately branched. Joints five times as long as broad. Fruit- branches corymbose, lateral. Capsules terminal, globose.
FOUND by Mr. William Backhouse in a sluice of fresh water near Darlington last September. Our most learned friends in this tribe support us in the opinion that it is a hitherto nondescript Conferva, very remarkable for its mode of inflorescence, at least among the fresh-water kinds.
The fronds are tufted, half an inch or more in height, almost black when many together, but of a dull palish green when separately examined. They are extremely slender, much and repeatedly branched in an alternate order, the lateral branches very short, often cloven. The joints are equal, 5 or 6 times as long as broad. About the lower or middle part of the frond grow several lateral, alternate, re- peatedly divided, level-topped or corymbose branches, whose joints are short and tumid, and whose ultimate divisions bear solitary, globose bodies, much thicker than the joints, which bodies we presume from analogy to be capsules of seeds.
1996
Mar
i aS* op PuMisftd bq J(Ve o'o*Ycrby .bonder*
[ 1997 ]
ORNIT HOG ALUM nutans.
Drooping Star of Bethlehem.
HEXANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor . of 6 petals, permanent, their upper part spreading. Filaments dilated at the base. Capsule superior, of 3 cells. Seeds roundish. Calyx none.
Spec. Char. Flowers pendulous toward one side. Fi- laments dilated, cohering, bell-shaped ; three of them longer and cloven.
Syn. Ornithogaium nutans. Linn. Sp. Pl. 441. JVilld . Sp. PI. v. 2. 123. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 1. 443. Jacq. Austr. t. 301. Ft. Dan. t. 912. Curt. Mag. t. 269. Roth. Germ. v. 1. 151.
O. n. 1216. Hall. Helvet. v. 2. 103.
O. neapolitanum. Clus. Exot. append. 2. 8, 9.
Clusius received this plant from his friend Tmperati of Naples, and it has thence been judged a native of that country. Others have reported it to be of Cretan origin, but Dr. Sib- thorp did not observe it in Crete, nor any where else in his Grecian tour. Its original place of growth is therefore, as Mr. Curtis suggests, doubtful ; but as Haller, Jacquin, Roth, and the editors of the Flora Danica admit it into their works, on the ground of its being at least naturalized, if not wild, about towns, orchards, &c., in the countries they described, we adopt it likewise, our specimen having been sent by the Rev. G. R. Leathes from high fields near Bury, where this Ornithogaium grows in great profusion, flowering early in May.
Bulb ovate, commonly deep in the ground. Leaves all radical, pale and somewhat glaucous, linear, channelled, acute. Stalk solitary, rather taller than the leaves, cylindrical, erect. Cluster simple, a little drooping, composed of 7 or 8 large and not inelegant greenish silvery-white flowers, which lean towards one side, and as they fade become quite pen- dulous. The permanent petals close over the germen, which becomes a roundish membranous capsule. The stamens are very broad, 3 of them longer than the rest, and two-lobed at the top beyond their anthers. The bracteas are lanceolate, acute, longer thart the partial stalks, but shorter than tht flowers.
iSoa FuiUrW by Jit? Sowerby London
[ 1993 ]
li U M E X crispus. Curled Dock .
HEXANDRIA Trigynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. 3-leaved. Petals 3, closed. Seed 1, superior, naked, triangular. Stigmas many-cleft. Spec. Char. Valves ovate, entire, all grained. Leaves lanceolate, undulated, acute.
Syn. Rumex crispus. Linn. Sp. PI. 476. Sm. FI. Brit. 391. Huds. 153. With. 353. Hull. 77. Relh. 142. Sibth. 117. Abbot. 81. Curt. Lond. fuse. 2. t. 20.
Lapathum folio acuto crispo. Raii Syn. 141.
V ERY common in waste ground, by road sides, and in meadows and fields, flowering in June or July, and acci- dentally throughout the summer.
The root is perennial, tap-shaped, yellowish. Stem 2 or 3 feet high, angular, furrowed, nearly smooth to the touch, leafy, branched. Leaves stalked, lanceolate, acute, strongly waved, crisped and somewhat crenate, of a lightish green ; the upper ones narrower and nearly.se ‘file. The little bundles of flowers are not far distant from each other, but form longish, nearly upright clusters, leafy in their lower part. Valves of the fruit large, ovate inclining to heartshaped, reticulated with veins, undivided, waved not toothed, each bearing a conspicuous, ovate, prominent, reddish, central grain. Seed larger than in R. sanguineus, t. 1333.
The curled leaves, and large entire calyx-valves, readily distinguish this species, which is a very troublesome and un- profitable weed.
1998
JVLcvr x l&ocf JhtbRj'Kd Inf %Jaf Sowerlfif Loixdoiv
<■"
/
[ 1999 ]
R U M E X obtusifolius. Broacl-leaved Bock .
HEXANDRIA Trigyma.
Gen, Char. Cal. 3-leaved. Petals 3, closed. Seed 1, superior, naked, triangular. Stigmas many-cleft. Spec. Char. Valves toothed, one principally grained.
Radical leaves heartshaped, obtuse. Stem roughish. Syn. Rumex obtusifolius. Linn. Sp. Pl. 478. Sm. FI. Brit. 392. Huds. 155. With. 357. Hull. 78. Relh. 142. Siblh. 118. Abbot. 81. Curt. Lond. fuse. 3. t. 22.
Lapathum vulgare, folio obtuso. Rail Syn. 141.
IN OT less common than R. crispus figured in our last plate, and, as Mr. Curtis remarks, even more troublesome as a weed, on account of its much larger leaves. It flowers in July and August, and is perennial.
Root tap-shaped, blackish, yellow within, bearing nu- merous stems 2 or 3 feet high, which are upright, branched, leafy, round, furrowed, rough chiefly in their upper part. Ra- dical leaves very large, heartshaped, more or less blunt, on long stalks ; stem leaves much narrower and more pointed, on shorter stalks; all in some degree crenate and crisped, though less than in R. crispus. Clusters with few leaves, often without any. Valves of the fruit rather large, oblong- heartshaped, veiny, entire at the upper part, but having 3 sharp prominent teeth at each side near the base. An oblong grain is chiefly to be observed on the outermost valve, which is smaller in proportion to the valve than in some other kinds.
Mr. Curtis recommends frequent mowing as a sure means of destroying this weed. Farmers find their account in hiring persons to eradicate docks, under which name many tap- roored plants are included besides real species of Rumex .
1099
-Stow in' j<0 Ahrfc Xondcn
■
[ 2000 ]
EPILOBJUM alsinifolium.
duckweed-leaved Willow-herb.
OCTANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . in 4 segments. Petals 4. Caps .
oblong, inferior. Seeds feathered.
Spec. Char. Leaves on footstalks, ovate, acute, toothed. Stigma undivided. Root creeping, matted. Stems decumbent, obtusely quadrangular.
Syn. Epilobium alsinifolium. Villars Dauph . v. 3. 511. E. n. 361. Winch Guide , v. 1. 36. v. 2. pref. 4.
E. montanum S. Willd . £/>. P/. i;. 2. 316 ?
Lysimachia siliquosa glabra minor latifolia. Raii Syn. 311. Hist. v. 1. 862.
L. siliquosa nana, prunellas foliis acutis. Bocc . Mas. 161. t . 108.
We dedicate with pleasure our 2000th plate, a number which no work of this kind has reached before, to the illustra- tion of a plant whose botanical history has been hitherto pe- culiarly obscure. This Epilobium was gathered on the Cheviot hills by Mr. Winch, who rightly judges it to be the plant of Ray, always mistaken for alpinum , which last seems to grow only in Scotland. We have however the present species from the Highlands also, by favour of Mr. G. Don and the late Mr. J. Mackay. By accidentally falling on a specimen from Villars himself, in Mr. DavalPs herbarium, we have ascertained and adopted his name, and have verified his quotation of Ray. Finally, we determine Boccone’s synonym, which Haller judiciously suspected could not belong to his own n . 999, the real alpinum of Linnaeus and FI. Brit .
E. alsinifolium is so called with a reference to the larger kinds of Chickweed, which its leaves resemble. Alsine of Linnaeus will not remain as a genus at all.
One great mark of this species is that its perennial root creeps widely, forming broad matted tufts, leafy throughout the winter, in which it totally differs from E. roseum , t. 693, the species otherwise most related to it. The leaves however are sharper than in that, of a darker hue, and with shorter stalks. Stems numerous, decumbent, the flowering part as- cending, roundish but marked with 4 angles. The flowers come forth in June and July, with veined cloven petals, and an undivided stigma. Germen downy, with minute recurved hairs. Fruit very long. It is, like E. alpinum , an herb that varies much in luxuriance, and grows by the turfy boggy margins of mountain rills.
2000
A.nri7 i iS 00
> ,
t
|
, |
||||
. \
.
'
.
[ 2001 ]
EPILOBIUM alpinura.
Alpine Willow-herb.
OCTANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal in 4 segments. Petals 4. Caps .
oblong, inferior. Seeds feathered.
Spec. Char. Leaves on short footstalks, elliptic-lance- date, obtuse, mostly entire. Stem decumbent. Flowers few.
Syn. Epilobium alpinum. Linn. Sp. PI. 495. Sm. FI. Brit. 413. Hulls. 163. With. 368. Hull. S3. Light/. 199. t. 10./. 1. Dicks. H. Sicc.fasc. 2. 14. FI. Dan. t. 332. Fil'lars Dauph. v. 3. 510.
E. n. 999. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 426.
This we have formerly gathered on Ben Lomond, by the sides of rivulets about two thirds of the way up. From wild Scottish specimens, assisted by fresh ones from the garden of the Comtesse de Vandes, where this and many other rare plants are cultivated in great perfection, our figure was com- pleted. The plant is perennial, flowering in June or July, and ripening seed in August.
Roots creeping, throwing up a few scattered leafy shoots, and still fewer weak ascending simple leafy stems, which are slightly angular and sometimes downy. Leaves on short stalks, elliptical, obtuse, inclining to lanceolate, entire, or with a few slight scattered teeth ; the floral ones only alternate. Flowers generally 2, rarely 1 or 3, on simple stalks from the bosoms of the upper leaves. Germen long, downy. Petals rose-coloured, cloven. Stigma clubshaped, but we think un- divided, or at least but slightly notched.
slpril ji a 8 o g J*ublisTod by *J<t r ^Powerjytf London.
.
A
v
[ 2002 ]
E U PHORBI A Peplis.
Purple Spurge.
DODECANDRIA Trigynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. of 1 leaf, inflated, inferior. Nec- taries 4 or 5, standing on the calyx. Caps, stalked, 3-lcbed.
Spec. Char. Leaves nearly entire, half-heartshaped. Flowers solitary, axillary. Stems procumbent. Capsule smooth.
Syn. Euphorbia Peplis. Linn. Sp. PL 652. Sm. FI. Bril. 514. Huds. 207. With. 446. Hull. 105. ed. 2. 140.
Tithymalus maritimus supinus annuus, Peplis dictus. Rail Syn. 313.
A PRODUCTION of no other parts of this island than the sandy sea shores of Cornwall and Devonshire, of which fresh wild specimens have been communicated to us from between Tor quay and Payngton, Tor bay, by our very intelligent young friend Mr. Charles Sinclair Cullen, last September.
Root annual, deeply fixed in the sand. Stems several, pro- cumbent, widely spreading, repeatedly branched and forked in an alternate manner, leafy ; roundish when fresh ; quadrangu- lar when dry. Leaves opposite, on short stalks, halt-neart- shaped, obtuse, single-ribbed, often quite entire, sometimes finely toothed at the base and summit. Stipulas small, lntra- foliaceous, in several setaceous segments. Flowerstalks from the forks of the stem or bosoms of the upper leaves, solitary, single-flowered, curved. Flowers small, with four entire, roundish, umbilicated, yellow or red nectaries. Capsule turned downwards, smooth, discharging the seeds elastically as it
dries. Seeds smooth. . c ,. • ,
The whole herb is very milky, smooth, either or a livid olaucous green thickly dotted with crimson, or more trequent- fy the stems and stalks are entirely of the latter colour, the flowers and fruit being more faintly stained with it. lne less luxuriant plants are, as Mr. Cullen observes, most hig > coloured.
200<L
-'pril 2 180$ -Pub&fhd hy Jit* Saw erty London.
»•
* ?, •
. *
■
.
-
■
• -*-* *
[ 2003 ]
RANUNCULUS hederaceus.
Ivy Crowfoot .
POLYANDR1A Polygynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . 5-leaved. Petals 5, with a honey- bearing pore on the inside of the claw of each. Seeds naked.
Spec. Char. Leaves roundish-kidneyshaped, with three or five lobes, entire, smooth . Stem creeping.
Syn. Ranunculus hederaceus. Linn . Sp . PL 781. Sm. FI. Brit . 595. Huds. 243. With . 507. Hull . 122. .Re/A. 217. Si'foA. 175. Abbot. 123. Curt. Lond. fasc. 4. 39.
R. aquatilis hederaceus albus. Rafi’ 249.
Shallow rivulets, and inundated places, often produce this little plant, yet it is not one most generally noticed, either in this country or other parts of Europe. We find it in Hyde park and Tothill fields, flowering from June to September.
The roots are perennial. The floating, branched, spread- ing stems throw out many fibrous radicles as they go, and bear numerous, opposite or alternate, long-stalked leaves, of a roundish kidney-shape, with 3 or 5 shallow lobes, and an en- tire edge. The whole herb is juicy, smooth and shining. Disk of the leaves sometimes marked with a brown spot. Flower-stalks simple, solitary, either axillary, or opposite to the leaf-stalks. Petals small, oblong, white, with yellow claws. Stamens from 5 to 10, scarcely more. Seeds nume- rous, roundish, rugged. This is next akin to R . aquatilis} t. 101, but very distinct from all the varieties of that species.
2003
-Ajorti, j. tgcg Tu&MsKd Try Jo/ tfcnvtrby London
( -
■
,
\ $\
.
• i
|
' |
||
|
• |
||
-
*
'
■ ■ - •
[ 2004 ]
DICRANUM squarrosum. Drooping-leaved Fork-moss,
CR YP TOGA MIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 16 flat, cloven teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem branched, level-topped. Leaves lanceolate, recurved, spreading every way. Capsule ovate, inclining, smooth.
Syn. Dicranum squarrosum. Schrad. Journ. for 1802, fasc. 1.68. Sm . Ft. Brit. 1225. Turn. Muse. Hib. 69.
Bryum palustrre. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 4. 11.
B. pellucidum (3. Linn . Sp. PL 1583.
B. erectis capitulis brevibus, foliis reflexis. Dill. Muse . 365. t. 46. /. 24. Rail Syn . 95.
A NATIVE of mountain bogs. Mr. Hooker and Mr. Borrer^ inform us that the luxuriant barren variety is common in the highlands of Scotland, but that the more dwarf plants which bear fructification are rare. Some of these, gathered by our abovementioned friends on rocks by the side of Great Loch Broom, Boss-shire, are here exhibited along with the former. We first received this species from Dr. Buchanan, who ga- thered it at Leney near Stirling in 1784, when, the Hedwigian principles being Unknown amongst us, it was suspected to be- long to Hypnum squarrosum.
The stems are either simple or branched, in perennial level- topped tufts ; such as form fructification are an inch or two in height, while others are 3 or 4 times as tall. They are all leafy, and the lower parts bear many rusty- coloured fibres or radicles. The leaves are squarrose, or project in every direc- tion, lanceolate, recurved, entire, acute, single-ribbed, pellu- cid, light green, turning rusty or black as in other water mosses. Fruitstalks about an inch high, crimson, rather thick. Capsule inclining, and at length curved, ovate, smooth, dark or reddish brown. Fringe deep purple. Lid red, conical, sometimes almost as long as the capsule, and slightly curved.
200/j-
Mar a ±$va PiwlijKd, ay Ja‘r J" 'awerby i o ndan
-
" ■ ' - ■ '
-■ “
■
>
'
»■
: . ■
[ 2005 ]
T R I C H 0 S T O M CJ M fasciculare.
Beardless Hoary Fringe-moss.
CRYPTOGAM1A Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 32 capillary, straightish teeth, approximated or united in pairs. Spec. Char. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, revolute, keeled. Capsule ovate-oblong. Stem branched, diffuse.
Syn. Trichostomum fasciculare. Schrad. Spicil. 61. Sm. FI. Brit. 1243. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 110. Turn. Muse. Hib. 39. Winch Guide , v. 1. 104.
Bryum fasciculare. Hoffm. Germ. v. 2. 42.
B. hypnoides (3. Linn. Sp. Pi. 1585. Huds . 480.
With. 820, var. 7. Hull. 259.
B. lutescens. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 4. 14.
B. hypnoides, hirsutie virescens, fasciculare alpinum. Dill. Muse. 370. t . 47. f 28.
NOT uncommon on dry rocky mountains in the north. The Rev. Mr. Dalton and Mr. Hooker communicated it from In- gleborough, Yorkshire. We have the same also from Wales, Scotland and Ireland. It is perennial, bearing abundance of fruit in the spring, and the empty capsules remain long on the stalks.
The stems spread widely, forming elastic entangled tufts, and are leafy, furnished with numerous short branches. The lower parts and old leaves are black. The young leaves are of a light yellowish green, imbricated, straight, lanceolate, entire, revolute, single-ribbed, keeled, more or less pointed, but not tipped with a pellucid or white appendage. Fruitstalks co- pious, solitary, nearly terminal, half an inch or more in length, twisted and bent, brown. Capsule ovate or somewhat cylin- drical, erect, brown, very smooth. Lid awlshaped, very taper- pointed, straight, yellowish, as long as the capsule. Fringe about a third as long, reddish.
29 Oo
r
I
*
V
. ■
-
[ 2006 ]
II Y PN U M pulcliellum.
Beautiful Tufted Feather-moss.
CRYPTOGAM! A Musci.
Gen. Cfiar. Caps, ovate-oblong, from a lateral scaly sheath. Outer fringe of 1 6 teeth, dilated at the base ; inner a variously-toothed membrane, Teil smooth. Spec. Char. Stems erect, tufted. Branches cylindrical* simple. Leaves ovato-laneeolate, taper-pointed, rib- less, somewhat inclining to one side. Capsule up- right. Lid conical.
Syn. Hypnum pulchelium Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 2. 13. t.5.f.6. H. Sice. fuse. 9.22. Sm. Cl. Brit. 1277. With. 847. Hull . 264. Turn. Muse. Hib. 136.
Leskea pulchella. Hedic. Sp. Muse. 220. t . 55.
/.7— 12. ^
Gathered last summer by Mr. Borrer and Mr. Hooker in the Den of Rechip, Perthshire, already celebrated in bo- tanic story for producing ConvaUciria verticillata , t. 128.
This is truly an elegant moss, consisting of dense tufts, an inch and half high, conspicuous for their light and splendid green colour. The branches are numerous, alternate, up- right, simple and cylindrical. Leaves imbricated, rather in- clining to one side, shining, ovato- lanceolate, concave, en- tire, taper-pointed, finely reticulated, without any rib, though occasionally marked with a plait. Sheaths solitary, from the base of the stem or branches, small, consisting of a few- pointed, keeled, pellucid scales. Fruitstalks rising much* above the stems, capillary, red, especially in the lower part, bulbous at the base. Capsule nearly erect, oblong- pitcher- shaped, pale brown, finely reticulated, insomuch that should the veil be found to countenance the measure, I should be glad to remove this species to Hookeria, where it has perhaps as good a right to be placed as my H. uncinata , Tr. of L. Soc. v. 281. f. 23. f. 4. The lid is conical, much shorter than the capsule. Outer fringe yellowish ; twice as long, white, with uniform teeth. Veil unknown.
2006
-April 1 iftog PitbUsVd Try Jit? Sower by London
\
.
*
'
.
'
.
.
'
’
/
>
. ; . - '
[ 2007 ]
BRYUM capillare. Greater Matted Thread-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Outer fringe of 16 teeth, broad at the base ; inner a toothed membrane. Flowers termi- nal. Capsule ovate-oblong, smooth. Veil smooth. Spec. Char. Stem branched from the base, tufted. Leaves obovate, hair-pointed, twisted when dry. Capsule club shaped, pendulous.
Syn. Bryum capillare. Linn. Sp. PL 1586. Sm. FI. Brit. 1357. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 182. Huds. 488. Hull. 255. Light/. 737. Sibth. 290. Turn. Muse. Hib. 120.
B. foliis latiusculis congestis, capsulis longis nutanti- bus. Dill. Muse. 398. t. 50. f. 67.
B. capitulis reflexis, foliolis latiusculis congestis. Rail Syn. 1 00.
Mnium capiil'are. Linn. FI. Suec. 385. With. 805. Relh. 420. Abbot. 234.
Found in woods and on heathy banks, not, like B. ccespi - titium , t. 1904, on walls or roofs, nor about much- frequented places in general. It bears fruit about the same time as that species, or rather later, and agrees with it in general appear- ance, differing chiefly in being always much larger. The branches when full-grown are near an inch long. Leaves obovate, concave, keeled, thickened at the edge, and some- times slightly serrated at the very summit, each tipped with a long hair. When dry they are twisted together, and form a sort of spiral star at the top of each branch. Fruit- stalks an inch and half long, firm, deep crimson. Capsule pendulous, twice as large as B. ccespititium, and more elon- gated, being when old so taper at the base as to become club- shaped rather than obovate. Lid of a shining red brown, hemispherical with a little point. Outer fringe orange- co- loured, with long-pointed teeth.
?'■
' ' •■■■ . - ... v. . •
■
* V ■■ ■■ ;■ v ,S
i
, (
• * ■ •
|
-
[ 2003 ]
LICHEN globuliferus# Vesicle-sh ielded L i chen .
CR YPTOGAMIA Alga.
G£n. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust spreading, faintly bordered, rugged, greyish, with white powdery warts. Shields sphe- rical, closed ; at length bursting, with a thin ragged border, and blackish disk.
Syst. Variolaria globulifera. Tarn . TV. of L. Soc.
v . 9. 139. t . 10./. 2.
Discovered on the trunks of beeches and oaks in Sussex, but rarely, by Mr. W. Borrer, by whom we were favoured with specimens in 180-2; but we would not anticipate our friend Mr. Turner, who had undertaken to describe this with other new British Lichens, in a paper for the Linnaean So- ciety, now published in the 9th volume of its Transactions.
This species is nearly akin to L~faghleus, t. 1713, and dlscoideus , t. 1/ 14, with both which its crust agrees in ap- pearance, but with the latter only in insipidity, wanting the bitter flavour of fagbieus first remarked by Mr. Borrer. Be- sides numerous white powdery prominences, the crust bears here and there a few globular vesicles, depressed at the top, of the size of small peas, or vetch seeds, rather paler than the crust, whose upper part at length bursts, and the thin tom cover becomes an upright circular margin to the real disk of the shield, then disclosed, which is flat, greenish-black, occupying the bottom of the vesicle, and contains seeds lodged in parallel vertical cells like those of other Lichens.
We readily assent to Mr. Borrer’s idea, that the powdery tubercles of L. fagineus, &c. are probably assemblages of gemma? rather than of true seeds, being analogous to viviparous flowers; see t. 669 and 1355.
M.qt i i8e# TuZTLM by Jo, * Sowtrby London
,
■
|
\ |
|
|
' |
|
|
. |
|
|
. |
|
|
' |
|
|
i |
[ 2009 ]
LICHEN atro-flavus. Black and yellow Stone Lichen .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algco .
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust indeterminate, membranous, thin, somewhat granulated, black. Shields numerous, small, flattish, full-yellow, with an entire, elevated, somewhat paler border.
Syn. Lecidea atro-flava. Turn . Tr . of L . Soc. v. 9. 142. t. 11./. 2.
JL HIS elegant little Lichen remained undescribed till Mr. Turner made it known in one of his excellent papers published in the 9th vol. of the Linnaean Society’s Transactions. It was first noticed by Mr. Borrer on the downs of Sussex, growing on loose exposed flints, which when white serve greatly to set oflf the crust. The Rev. G. R. Leathes ob- served the same near Bury.
Crust always black and unpolished, very thin, adhering closely to the stone, at first forming roundish blotches, which, according to Mr. Turner, have sometimes a fine fibrous edge, but usually splitting into scattered indeterminate fragments, and becoming granulated by age. The shields are numerous, small, of a full yellow or orange hue, flat, somewhat concave when young; their border thick, elevated, smooth, entire, rather paler than the disk. These shields are so conspicuous that we believe the plant would not have been so long undescribed, had the Crust been thought to belong to them.
/
[ 2010 ]
LICHEN carneo-lutcus. Pale Crack-shielded Lichen .
CRYPTO GAMIA Algce .
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust membranous, extremely thin, in- determinate, white, smooth. Shields depressed, minute, flattish, flesh-coloured ; when young covered by their white margin, which cracks in the centre.
Syn. Parmelia carneo-lutea. Turn . Tr. of L. Soc. v. 9,
145. t. 12. f. 2.
COMMUNICATED by Mr. Borrer from the trunks of elms in Sussex and the Isle of Wight. The crust forms white smooth indeterminate patches, and cannot be separated from the bark. The shields are numerous, minute, sunk or de- pressed, remarkable for being each covered and concealed when young by its own white border, which afterwards cracks in the centre, in an irregular somewhat star-like manner, and finally becomes almost obliterated. The disk when fully formed is fiattish or slightly convex, of a pale yellowish flesh-colour, usually surrounded by some uneveu remains of the border.
2010
-April j. l&og iPublirhd by Jaf Sower by Lofuiort
'
■ ; ‘i
■
"
.
-
'
*
.
, -
.
*
*
[ 2011 ]
LICHEN scjuamulosus. Scaly-crusted Lichen.
CR YPTOGA MIA Alga:.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust imbricated, cracked, smooth, brownish ash-colour ; its fragments angular and somewhat lobed. Shields sunk; at length elevated, flattish, of a brownish shining black, with a border like the crust.
Syn. Lichen squamulosus. Ach . PrGd. 230. Schrad. Journ.for 1801. 75.
L.. piceus. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 4. 22. t. 12. f. 5.
Parmelia squamulosa. Ach. Metli. 181. Winch Guide , v. 2. 53.
Lecidea ? picea. Ach . Metli . 31.
Communicated from the county of Durham by the Rev. Mr. Harriman to Mr. Borrer, and observed also by the gentleman last named and Mr. Hooker about Loch Carron, and other parts of the highlands of Scotland. Mr. Dickson indeed first found this Lichen in Scotland, and determined its distinctive characters with his usu. 1 penetration, though fo- reign writers have not ascertained b.s synonym.
The crust spreads closely over 'ocks and stones, and is calcareous and white within, though externally of a tolerably uniform brownish or smoky ash-coloui, Its surface consists of prominent lobed imbricated fragments, approaching to the appearance of a minutely imbricated Lichen, without any precise border, and often cpacks into separate dispersed frag- ments. Shields numerous, small ; when young sunk and concave; afterwards raised, with a flat or uneven disk, of a polished pitchy black, here and there brownish and semipel- lucid, and with a wavy border of the colour and substance of the qrust.
/
2011
1 1 fiog^PuJ) hsficL Jjy J. Sowerby.JLorulorL .
.
'
-
*
[ 2012 ]
LICHEN leptophyllus. Small-leaved Dot Lichen .
CRYPT0GAM1A Algco.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Frond leafy, small, somewhat cartila- ginous, peltate, blackish brown, smooth on both sides, often black beneath ; the circumference rounded, lobed and wavy. Tubercles in minute immersed dots.
Syn. Lichen leptophyllus. Ach. Prod . 141.
Endocarpon leptophyllum. Ach . Meth. 127.
Gai 'HERED by Mr. Hooker and Mr. Borrer on the hill of Kinnoul near Perth, a famous spot for beautiful agate pebbles. The smaller and blacker specimens,^. 2, grew on rocks by the shore of Loch Lomond.
This little plant is much allied to L. miniatus , t. 59 3, both belonging to the very natural genus Endocarpon , which will be adopted when we undertake the arrangement of the whole tribe. It grows- in patches, each plant is peltated or umbili- cated, fixed by a strong central root, and from a quarter to half an inch broad, leathery or somewhat cartilaginous, smooth on both sides, rounded and bluntly lobed, when young and healthy of a blackish or greenish brown all over, the under side being, as Mr. Borrer remarks, black only when exposed to light. By great exposure the whole turns black. The tubercles are minute, concave, scattered about the centre of the upper side, in which they are so completely immersed as to have scarcely any projecting border round the orifices of each.
)
2012
1
May i.i8ot} Publis7ied, J.SoH-erbyXcndan. .
\
■
m
U
m
*
' I
,
'
:
.
■
" . : ( ■ ■
-
[ ’2013 ]
L 1 C M E N tephroides. Ash- coloured Dot Lichen.
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Frond crustaceous, depressed, glaucous- ashcoloured, smooth ; the circu inference wavy and somewhat lobed. Tubercles in immersed coal-black dots, with prominent margins.
Syn. Lichen tephroides. Ach. Prod . 18,
Endocarpon tephroides. Ach. Meth . 129.
One of the new acquisitions of our friends Messrs Borrer and Hooker in their Scottish tour of last summer. It was found on the ground at Burgh Head, in the island of Stronsa, one of the Orkneys.
The fronds grow many together on the black turfy soil to which they are closely attached, assuming a tessellated ap- pearance. Each is a quarter of an inch, or more, in breadth, of a glaucous pale ashcolour throughout; the margin wavy, rounded or lobed; the surface smooth and even, besprinkled with numerous very black dots, each of which lodges a mi- nute black immersed concave tubercle, as in other species of Endocarpon .
The learned Professor Acharius originally made this one of his Vermcarice, and it confirms an idea we have long had, that Verrucaria and Endocarpon are by their fructification one genus; nor is the habit of their most extreme species so different as that of the various Acharian ParmeVuz.
'
-
. /
' '
-
.
'
: .
[ 2014 ]
ANTIRRHINUM minus.
Least Snapdragon.
DIDYNAMIA Angiospermia.
Gen. Char. Cal. in 5 segments. Cor . with a pro- minence at its base, pointing downwards and bear- ing honey. Caps . 2-celied.
Spec. Char. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, downy, mostly alternate. Stem much branched, spreading. Calyx longer than the spur.
Syn. Antirrhinum minus. Linn . Sp. PL 852. Sm. FL Brit. 660. Huds . 272. With . 551. Hull,
139. ed. 2. 182. Relh. 245. Sibth. 195. Abbot, 137. Curt. Lond. fasc. 5. t . 41. Dicks. H. Sicc. fasc . 6. 17.
Linaria Antirrhinum dicta. Rail Syn. *283.
This, the only known British Antirrhinum which we have not yet presented to our readers, is an annual native of sandy cultivated fields, flowering from June to September. The Rev. Mr. Leathes has sent it from Bury, Mr. Wigg from Yarmouth, and we have gathered it about Battersea, where Mr. Curtis likewise observed it to grow.
Root small, zigzag. Stem upright, more or less branched, various in height and luxuriance, round, downy, leafy. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, obtuse, downy and clammy ; the lowermost often opposite, and broadest. Flowerstalks nu- merous, axillary, solitary, simple, about the length of the leaves. Flowers small and inconspicuous, though of no inelegant appearance when magnified, being purplish, with a white three-cleft under lip, and yellow palate. The spur is much shorter than the other part of the corolla. Segments of the calyx unequal, spatulate, covered, like the stalks and leaves, with prominent viscid hairs. Capsule ovate, obtuse, com- pressed, 2-lobed, opening at length by a jagged orifice as in others of this genus. Seed curiously furrowed, that part affording exquisite specific characters, if wanted, among the apnual kinds of Antirrhinum.
|
. |
||
|
- |
||
'
' /
'
-
' ,
[ 2015 ]
GRIMMIA atro-virens. Dark-green Grimmia .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of 16 teeth, broadest at their base. Flowers terminal. Veil cylindrical.
Spec. Char. Stem subdivided. Leaves ovate, keeled, slightly bearded. Capsule elliptical, upright. ' Lid conical, nearly half as long as the capsule.
Syn. Grimmia atro-virens. Turn . Bot. Guide 620.
G. Starkeana. Turn. Muse . Hib. 26.
We have Mr. Turner’s authority for the above synonyms, though his Dublin specimens before us have taller and more decidedly branched stems, with a blacker hue in the whole plant, circumstances probably enough owing to their more advanced state of growth, or moister situation.
The present were sent by the Rev. H. Davies from North Wales, and grew on the ground in broad patches. The stems are short, simple or branched. Leaves crowded, spreading, dark-green, ovate or rather often obovate, entire, strongly keeled, with a thick mid-rib, which ends in a short point or beard. When dried they twist spirally together at the summit of the stem. Fruit-stalk solitary, scarcely half an inch long, pale yellowish, brown at the top. Capsule upright, of a neat, broadish, exactly oval figure, chesnut-coloured, smooth and shining. Fringe red, erect, like that of a Trichostomum in appearance, but not in number. Lid conical, obliquely pointed, nearly half as long as the capsule. A slight com- parison will show the difference between this species and G . Starkeana , t. 14Q0.
11 "iii I, i 1 < ■ 'U/on
■
■ ' ' . - 7
.
[ 2016 ]
H Y PNUM silesianum. Silesian Feather-moss .
CRYPTO GA MIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, ovate-oblong, from a lateral scaly sheath. Outer fringe of 16 teeth, dilated at the base : inner a variously-toothed membrane. Veil smooth. Spec. Char. Stem creeping, pinnated. Leaves loosely spreading, ovate, serrated, pointed, flattish, with two plaits at the base ; the upper ones curved. Capsule cylindrical, inclining. Lid conical, short. Syn. Hypnum silesianum. IVeb . and Mohr FI. Germ . 343.
Leskia Seligeri. Bride L Muse. v. 2. p. 2. 47.
1 HIS moss, new to our British Flora, and undescribed by all authors but those we have cited, was gathered on Ben Loyal in Sutherland by our often-mentioned friends Messrs. Hooker and Borrer in the summer of 1808. The fruit was then fully ripe and had, dropped its lid.
It is a small creeping tufted branched species, which we have hesitated whether to refer to the neighbourhood of cu - pressiforme , t. I860; but perhaps it will range best in the 5th section of the genus, (( capsules inclining; shoots round , the leaves imbricated every way such being the disposition of its leaves, except towards the end of each branch, where they curve downwards. Their form is nearly ovate, with a long sharp point, flattish, serrated, without rib or nerve, but when dry two plaits are observable at the base. Sheaths at the base of the branches, solitary. Fruitstalk about an inch long, of a light reddish brown. Capsule inclining, not pen- dulous, ovato-cylindrical, a little curved, light brown, con- tracted and longitudinally but irregularly rugose, with a wide mouth, when dry. Fringe greenish-yellow. Mr. Hooker confirms the observations of Weber and Mohr, that it is the fringe of a Hypnum , not a Leskea.
2016
2/lay i.i8og, TubTisTuLTry J.Sowerby, London..
INDEX
of the English names
IN VOL. XXVIII.
Barley, wall or mouse
Beardless-moss, larger blunt
■ little blunt
— — — — — long-stalked
Bed -straw, rough marsh Brome-grass, taper field Club-rush, blunt-edged — Conferva, corymbiferous
• — sheathed —
Crowfoot, ivy — Dock, broad-leaved — ■
curled ■ —
Feather-moss, beautiful tufted — 2006
— — drooping-leaved 1953
• silesian — — 2016
— — — soft water — — 1992
Fork-moss, dark mountain — 1.978
• drooping-leaved — • 2004
— sickle-leaved — 1989
slender-branched — 1977
— „ spreading- branched 1990
Fringe-moss, beardless hoary — 2005
heath-like hoary — 1991
Fucus, berry-bearing — — 1967
■ : — Brodiean — — 1966
- — - — - fibrous — — 1969
heath-like — - — - 1968
— horny pinnate — — 1970
— membranous- leaved — 1965
Garlick, crow — — - 1974
Grimmia, dark-green — — 2015
— slate — - • — 1952
striated — — 1988
upright brown — — 1963
Horsetail, variegated — — 1987
Lettuce, strong-scented — 1957
Tab.
Lichen, ash-coloured dot • — 2013
black and yellow — 2009
— broken crusted — - 1955
— — — confluent-shielded — 1964
■ elegant garland — 1979
jagged gelatinous — 1982
• — Nostoc, gelatinous — 1981
— orange stone — — 1993
— pale crack-shielded — 2010
— — - saturnine gelatinous — 1980
— scaly-crusted — — 2011
— — - — small-leaved dot — 2012
snow — — - 1994
two-fold-shielded — 1954
— vesicle-shielded — 2008
Pond-weed, lanceolate — 1985
Rivularia, potatoe — — 1956
Saint John’s-wort, bearded - — 1986 Scopion-grass, water — — 1973
Shield -fern, lesser crested — 1949 Snapdragon, least — — 2014
Spleenwort, black maidenhair — 1950 Spurge, purple — — * 2002
Star of Bethlehem, drooping — 1997 Stone-crop, insipid — — 1946
Thread-moss, greater matted — 2007 Willow, ascending dwarf — 1962
— brownish dwarf — 1960
prostrate dwarf — 1959
- — small-leaved dwarf — 1961
— tea-leaved — — 1958
Willow-herb, alpine — — 2001
• — chickweed-leaved 2000
■ — rose-bay — — 1947
square-stalked — • 1948
Winter-green, intermediate — 1945
Tab.
— 1971
— 1976
— 1975
— 1951
— 1972
— 1984
— 1983
— 1996
— 1995
— 2003
— 1999
— 1998
SYSTEMATICAL INDEX
Triandria.
SoiRPUS carinatus — Bromus arvensis — -
Horde um. murinum — •
Tetrandria. Galium uliginosum — Potamogeton laaceolatum
Pentandria. Myosotis palustris —
Hexandria.
Allium vineale —
Ornithogalum nutans — Rumex crispus —
obtusifolius —
Octandria. Epilobium angustifolium
• — tetragonum
alsinifolium —
— alpinum —
Decandria.
Pyrola media —
Sedum sexangulare —
Dodecandria. Euphorbia Peplis —
Poh/amlria.
Ranunculus hederaceus —
Didynamia.
Antirrhinum minus — .
Polyadelphia. Hypericum barbatum
Syngenesia.
Lactuca virosa —
Dioecia.
Salix phylicifolia ~
prostrata — —
parvifolia —
adscendens —
TO
VOL. XXVI [I.
|
Tab. |
Cryptogamia. |
Tab. |
|
— . 1933 |
Equisetum variegatum — - |
— 1987 |
|
— 1934 |
Aspidium cristatum — |
— 1949 |
|
— . 1971 |
Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum — 1950 |
|
|
Gymnostomum truncatulum |
— 1975 |
|
|
1976 |
||
|
— 1972 |
Heimii — |
— 1951 |
|
— 1935 |
Grimmia striata, — |
— 1988 |
|
scbisti — |
— 1952 |
|
|
• atro-virens — |
— 2015 |
|
|
— 1973 |
stricta — |
— 1963 |
|
Dicranum flagellare — |
— 1977 |
|
|
falcatum — |
— 1989 |
|
|
— 1974 |
aciculare — |
— 1978 |
|
— 1997 |
patens — |
— 1990 |
|
— 1993 |
squarrosum — |
— 2004 |
|
— 1999 |
Trichostomum ericoides |
— 1991 |
|
_ — . fasciculare |
— 2005 |
|
|
— 1947 |
Hypnum pulchellum — |
— 2006 |
|
— 1948 |
— molle — |
— 1992 |
|
— 2000 |
silesianum — |
— 2016 |
|
— 2001 |
squarrosum — |
— 1953 |
|
Bryum capillare — |
— 2007 |
|
|
Lichen globuliferus — |
— 2003 |
|
|
— 1945 |
carneo-luteus |
— 2010 |
|
— 1946 |
erythrellus — |
— 1993 |
|
• atro-flavus — |
— 2009 |
|
|
diacapsis — |
— 1954 |
|
|
— 2002 |
confluens — |
— 1964 |
|
— glebulosus — |
— 1955 |
|
|
squamulosus — |
— 2011 |
|
|
— 2003 |
■ speciosus — • |
— 1979 |
|
— saturninus — |
— 1980 |
|
|
lacer «— |
— 1982 |
|
|
— 2014 |
tremelloides — • |
— 1981 |
|
tephroides — |
— • 2013 |
|
|
1986 |
— leptophyilus — |
— 2012 |
|
■ — nivalis, — |
— 1994 |
|
|
Fucus membrantfolius |
— 1965 |
|
|
1 957 |
Brodiau — |
— 1966 |
|
— — bacciferus — |
— 1967 |
|
|
- ericoides — |
— 1968 |
|
|
— 1958 |
■ fibrosus > — |
— 1969 |
|
— 1959 |
corneus — |
— 1970 |
|
— I960 |
Conferva vaginata — |
— 1995 |
|
— 1961 |
— * corymbifera — |
— 1996 |
|
— 1962 |
Rivularia tuberiformis — |
— 1956 |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
TO
VOL. XXVIII.
a 1 an.
ALLIUM vineale — — - 1974
Antirrhinum minus — ■ — 2014
Aspidium cristatum — — 1949
Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum — 1950 Bromus arvensis — — 1984
Bryum capillare — — 2007
Conferva corymbifera — 1996
vaginata — — 1995
Dicranum aciculare — — 1978
- — • — — — falcatum — ■ — 1989
flagellar, e — — 1977
patens — — 1990
■ squarrosum — 2004
Epilobium alpinum — — 2001
- — - alsinifolium — — 2000
angustifolium — 1947
• — tetragonum — 1948
Equisetum variegatum — 1987
Euphorbia Peplis — ■ — 2002
Fucus bacciferus • — — 1967
Brodiad - — — 1966
corneus — — 1970
• ericoides — • — 1968
fibrosus — — 1969
membranifolrus — 1965
Galium uliginosum — ■ — 1972
Grimmia atro-virens — • — 20 1 5
— schisti — • — 1952
striata — — 1988
- — — stricta 1 — — 1963
Gymnostomum Heimii • — 1951
intermedium — 1976
truncatulum — 1975
Hordeum murinum — ■ — 1971
Hypericum barbatum — ■ — 1986
Hypnum molle — — 1992
|
Tab. |
|
|
Hypnum pulchellum — |
— 2006 |
|
silesianum — |
— 2016 |
|
— squarrosum |
— 1953 |
|
Lactuca virosa — |
— 1957 |
|
Lichen atro-flavus — |
— 2009 |
|
• carneo-luteus |
— 2010 |
|
— — confluens — |
— 1964 |
|
diacapsis — |
— 1954 |
|
— - erythrellus — |
— 1993 |
|
- — . glebulosus — |
— 1955 |
|
globuliferus — |
— 2008 |
|
lacer — — |
— 1982 |
|
leptophyllus — |
— 2012 |
|
— nivalis — |
— 1994 |
|
— saturninus — |
— 1980 |
|
speciosus — |
— 1979 |
|
squamulosus — |
— 2011 |
|
— — — tephroides — |
— 2013 |
|
tremeiloides — - |
— 1981 |
|
Myosotis palustris — |
— 1.973 |
|
Ornithogalum nutans |
— 1997 |
|
Potamogeton lanceoiatum |
— 1985 |
|
Pyrola media — |
— 1945 |
|
Ranunculus hederaceus — |
— 2003 |
|
Rivularia tuberiformis |
— 1956 |
|
Rumex crispus — |
— 1998 |
|
obtusifolius — |
— 1999 |
|
Salix adscendens — |
— 1962 |
|
fusca — — |
— 1960 |
|
parvifolia — |
— 1961 |
|
phylicifolia — |
— 1958 |
|
prostrata — |
— 1959 |
|
Scirpus carinatus — |
— 1983 |
|
Sedum sexangulare — |
— 1946 |
|
Trichostomum ericoides |
— 1991 |
|
fasciculare |
— 2005 |
*
*