RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN LIBRARY
Reg. No _ Clas. No.
%
A NEW
ENGLISH DICTIONARY
ON HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES.
VOLUME IV -F am G.
%
HENRY FROWDE M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND NEW YORK
%
A NEW
ENGLISH DICTIONARY
ON HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES;
FOUNDED MAINLY ON THE MATERIALS COLLECTED BY
Cfj t SfltUtg.
EDITED BY
Db. JAMES A. H. MURRAY,
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF MANY SCHOLARS AND MEN OF SCIENCE.
VOLUME IV. F AND G.
By HENRY BRADLEY, M.A.
OXFORD:
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS.
I 901.
[All rights reserved* i]
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PRINTED IN ENGLAND AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
%
KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION,
I. CONSONANTS.
|
g as m go (gou). |
b, d, f, k, 1, m, n, p, t, v, z have their usual values. I J) as in thin (fin), hath (bap). 1 |
! |
(FOREIGN.) |
||
|
h . |
.. ho ' (hoii). |
8 |
... then (8e n), bathe (be*8). |
h as in French nasal , environ (anvzron). |
|
|
r . |
.. m (rvn), temer (teriai). |
X |
... shop (Jpp), disA (dij). |
1* |
. It. seraglio (sera l?o). |
|
1 . |
.. he?- (hoi), farther (fautfei). |
tj |
.. ch op (tfjjp), ditch (ditj). |
ny |
It. syaore (s in?o ie). |
|
s . |
.. ree (si), cess (ses). |
5 |
... vir/on (vigan), de/euner (degone). |
X |
. Ger. a ch (ax), Sc. loch (h% loxw)» |
|
w . |
.. wen (wen). |
d3 |
... judge (dgods) |
x7 . |
. Ger. 1 ch (ixy), Sc. nie^t (nexyt). |
|
hw |
. when (hwen). |
U |
... singing (si gig), thirsk (pigk). |
7 |
Ger. sa^en (za’yen). |
|
y • |
. jyes (yes). , |
gg |
... finger (figgai). |
7y - |
Ger. le^en, re^nen (lo 7yen, re^ynen). |
II. VOWELS.
ORDINARY.
a as in Fr. & la mode (a la mod’), ai ... aye =yes (ai), Isazah (sizai-a).
£e ... man (msen) a .. pass (pas), chant (tjant), au . loud (laud), now (nau).
P . cat (k»t), son (sotl).
e yet (yet), ten (ten),
e survey sb. (so ive), Fr. attach^ (ataje). || g . . Fr chef (Jgf)
9 ever (evai), natzon (no1 Jan).
... /, eye, (ai), bind (baind).
\\o .. Fr. eau do vie (o d i vi1). i .. sit (sit), mystic (mistik). i .. Psycho (sai’ki), react (ra,0e’kt).
0 . achor (el koi), morality (morse liti).
01 ... oil (oil), boy (boi).
o heio (hi»To), zoology (zo^lodgi).
9 . what (hwgt), watch (wgtj).
9, P* ■ got (gpt), soft (s^ft).
|| o Ger Koln (koln).
]| o , Fr, pea (po).
u ... fall (ful), book (buk). iu daration (diur^Jan).
u ... unto (tf’nta), fragality (fra-), la ... Matthew (mse'Jna), virtae (vaMtia).
|| u . Ger. Mailer (mirier).
II a . . Fr. dane (dan).
LONG.
a as in alms (amz), bar (bar).
|
V |
. carl (kwl), far (for). |
|
e (e»).. |
. there (8e»i), pear, pare (peer). |
|
o(oJ).. |
. rom, ram (tiln), they (8ei). |
|
/ |
. Fr. fazre (f/r1). |
|
5 |
. fir (fai), fern (fom), earth (§ip). |
|
I (I®).. |
bier (bi«i), dear (kll°i). |
|
i |
. thzef (pzf), see (si). |
|
o(o»).. |
. boar, bore (boar), glory (gloo’n). |
|
o(o-u) . |
. so, sow (son), soal (sod). |
|
9 |
wa/k (wgk), wart (wgit). |
|
9 ... |
short (Jpit), thorn (ppm). |
|
II 3 ... |
, Fr. coear (kor). |
|
II 3 .. |
Ger. Gothe (gote), Fr. je^ne (son). |
|
U (uo) . , |
. poor (pu0i), moorish (mue’rij). |
|
iu, iu |
, pare (piu«i), lare (l'u*!). |
|
u ... |
, two moons (ta manz). |
|
ia, H7,„ |
. few (flit), late (l!at). |
|
II « |
. Ger, gran (gran), Fr. jas (3a). |
see Vol. I, p. xxiv, note 3.
(see lo, e<>, 00, u0)},
\ “ (see e1, oa) j ’ asm able (eib’l), eaten (it’n) = voice-glide.
OBSCURE.
a as in amoeba (ami ba).
se , accept (sekse'pt), maniac (mfi”maek).
v datarn (do^t^m). e momont (mou. ment), several (se’veral). e separate (adj ) (se par/t).
b ... addod (ffi’ded), ostate (est<?‘*t)
1 . vanity (vse'mti).
Z , romam (rznufi'n), bolieve (bi'lfv).
5 ... theory (pf ori).
$ .. violet (var^let), parody (pser^di) g .. aathonty (gpo nti).
§ . connect (k#ie kt), amazon (m m&zfrn)
iu, ‘u verdare (vSudiui), measare (me 3*ur). it . altogether (gltitge Sai). lit circalar (ssilualai).
* fr the 0 in soft, of medial or doubtful length.
|| Only in foreign (or earlier English) words.
In the Etymology,
OE. e, Of representing an earlier a, are distinguished as g, p (having the phonetic value of g and p, ot 9, above) , as in g nde from andi (OHG, anti,
Goth, andei-s), mpnn from mann, pn from an.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, &c.
a. [in Etymol.] , a (as a 1300) .
a , adj , adj . , absol j absol. .
abst
acc
ad. [in Etymol.] , adv , adv ....
advb
AF., AFr ... , Anat ,
Antiq , .. . aphet . „ ,
APP
Arab
Arch
arch
ArcJiKOI... .. .
assoc
Astr.
Astral . . , ,
attnb
bef
Biol
Bob
But .
Build.
c (as c 1300) ... c. (as 13th c ) , .
Cat
catackr
Cf., cf.,
Ghent
cl L.
cogn. w
collect
colloq
comb ,
Comb ,
Comm .. comp. . ., compl,
Conch.
concr . , ,
conj ,
cons ,,
Const j Const. ...
Cryst . ... (D)
Da
dat. . , .
def . denv .. dial , dial ,
Diet
dim. ,. „
Du
Bccl.
elhpt
e. imdl. .
Eng
Ent.
erron
esp , esp ....
etym
eiiphem ...
exc
f [in Etymol ] .
f. (in subordinate
entries)
fern ( rarely f)
M
F. , Fr. ...
freq
Fns.
G, , Ger
Gael. .... .... ....
,. = adoption of, adopted from. . = ante, before.
, = adjective ,. = absolutely.
. = abstract . — accusative,
. = adaptation of.
= adverb.
. = adverbial, -ly.
— Anglo-French.
, = m Anatomy.
. — in Antiqmties.
= aphetic, aphetized,
= apparently.
= Arabic.
= in Aichitecture.
= archaic.
— m Archaeology.
. = association
— in Astronomy.
. = in Astrology.
. = attxibutive, -ly , = before = m Biology.
. - Bohemian.
. = m Botany = in Building.
= circa, about.
= centuiy.
= Catalan = catachrestically
— confer, compare.
= m Chemistry
= classical Latin.
= cognate with = collective, -ly,
= colloquially =s combined, -mg.
= Combinations
— m commercial usage
= compound, composition.
= complement.
— in Concbology = concretely.
= conjunction.
= consonant
*= Construction, construed with
= m Crystallogiaphy.
* m Davies (Supp Eng.
Glossary).
= Danish.
— dative
— definite
= derivative, -ation
— dialect, -al.
= Dictionary = dimmutive = Dutch.
= m ecclesiastical usage.
= elliptical, -ly = east midland (dialect).
= English.
— in Entomology
— erroneous, -ly = especially.
= etymology.
*= euphemistically = except
— formed on,
= form of.
= feminine.
= figurative, -ly.
= French = frequently.
— Frisian.
= German.
= Gaelic.
| gen = genitive.
gen = general, -ly.
gen sign .. = general signification.
I Geol. = in Geology
I Geom — m Geometry
Goth . = Gothic (— Moeso-Gothic).
Gr . , — Greek.
Gram. . . *■ m Grammar.
Heb. . = Hebrew
Her — in Heraldry.
Herb .. = with herbalists.
Hart . . , . = in Hoiticulture.
imp ... = Imperative.
impers — impersonal.
impf . , . . = imperfect
ind = Indicative
mdef. ... = indefinite
inf ... .. . = Infinitive.
in.fi . , . .. = influenced.
int = mteijecLion.
tntr. , . — intransitive.
It ... .. . = Italian.
J , (J.) . .. = Johnson (quotation from). (Jam) . ... = m Jamieson, Scottish Diet (Jod) .. , — Jodrell (quoted fiom).
L. . . . = Latin.
(L ) (111 quotations) = Latham’s edn of Todd’s lung . , s= language. [Johnson.
LG... = Low German.
lit ..... . = literal, -ly.
Lith , = Lithuanian
LXX . , = Septuagmt
Mai ... .... = Malay,
masc. ( rarely m.) = masculine
Math = in Mathematics
ME . .. .... = Middle English.
Med. , = in Medicine.
med L = mediaeval Lalm.
Meek. , ~ in Mechanics.
Metaph . — in Metaphysics.
MHG . .. — Middle High German
luidl . = midland (dialect)
Mil — in military usage
Mm = in Mineralogy.
mod , = modem
Mus = in Music.
(N.) .. ... =■ Nares (quoted from)
n of action,. = noun of action
n. of agent = noun of agent
Bat, Hist. . .. = m Natural History.
Haut, sm m nautical language.
neut ( rarely n ) = neuter
NF., NFr. ..... « Northern Fiench.
HO = Naliual Order.
nom- . . =» nominative
north = northern (dialect).
NT. , = New Testament.
Numism. , .. = m Numismatics.
ohj. . ....
06s., obs., obs.
occas . .
OE
OF., OFr
OFris.
OHG
OIr
ON.
ONF. ... .
Opt.
Omith. , , .
OS
OS1
0, T
OTeut
ong.
Palxont
pa. pple
pass ...
= object.
= obsolete,
= occasional, -ly.
— Old English ( = Anglo-
Saxon).
= Old French.
= Old Frisian = Old High German.
= Old Irish.
— Old Noise (Old Icelandic). = Old Northern French.
= in Optics.
= in Ornithology.
— Old Saxon.
= Old Slavonic
= Old Testament.
= Original Teutonic.
= original, -ly.
= in Palaeontology.
= passive or past participle.
= passive, -ly.
pa t - past tense.
Path = in Pathology.
perh = perhaps
Pers. ... = Persian.
pers. .. , . = person, -ah
pf. ... = perfect.
Pg. = Portuguese.
Philol. . . - in Philology,
phonet. , . - phonetic, -ally.
phr = phrase.
Phren. . . . — in Phrenology.
Phys .. . . = in Physiology,
pi ,pl — pluial.
poet. = poetic.
pop = popular, -ly.
ppl. a , ppl. adj... — ijarticipml adjective.
pple = paiticijile
Pr. = Provencal.
prec = preceding (word or article)
pref. , . = prefix
prep , = pieposition.
pres .... — piesenl
Prim sign. - Primary signification.
pnv . . . . - puvative.
prob = probably
pi on. . . .= pronoun,
pronunc ., .. — pronunciation.
prop = propei ly.
Pros. . , a= m Prosody,
pr. pple = present pailiciple.
Psych — m Psychology.
q v — quod vide, which see.
(R.) .... . . . = in Richardson’s Diet.
R. C Ch. ... = Homan Catholic Church.
refasli = lefashioned, -mg.
rejl , lefl. .. = reflexive,
reg. . . . . = regular.
leP! . . = representative, representing.
A'het. ... - m Rhetouc.
Rom. ... — Romanic, Romance,
sb ,,sb. ... = substantive.
Sc. . . . . =s Scotch.
sc - scilicet, nndei stand 01 supply
sing. = singular.
Skr s Sanskrit.
Slav. = Slavonic.
Sp . ... as Spanish,
sp. . . = spelling.
spec. ... as specifically
subj. . = subject, subjunctive.
sidiord d « subordinate clause.
subseq . .. = subsequently,
subst. , . = substantively.
suff =s suffix.
superl = superlative.
Surg , = m Surgei-y
Sw. , . = Swedish.
s w. = south western (dialect).
T. (T.) =s m Todd’s Johnson
techn .. .. = technical, -ly.
Theol .... = in Theology
ir. ... .. = tianslation of.
irans. ... = transitive
transf , . = tiansferred sense.
Brig. , . . =s in Trigonometry.
Bypeg. . = m Typography.
nit . = ultimate, -ly.
nnkn a= unknown
U. S .. , . as United States.
v , vb, . - veib
v sir , oi w. = veib strong, or weak.
vbl. sb. = verbal substantive
var . .. .. = variant of.
'vd. ... = word.
WGer. . = West Geimanic.
vv-midl . . = west midland (dialect).
WS . . = West Saxon.
(Y.) — m Col. Yule’s Glossary.
Bool. 5= m Zoology.
Before a word or sense.
T = obsolete.
|| = not naturalized.
In the quotations.
sometimes points out the word illustrated.
In the list of F onus.
1 = before noo
2 = 1 2th c. (1100 to 1200).
3 = 13th c (1200 to 1300).
5-7 — x5th to 17th century. (See General Explan- ations, Yol I, p. xx.)
In the Etymol.
* indicates a word or foim not actually found, but of which the existence is inferred.
= extant representative, or regular phonetic descendant of.
The printing of a word in Small
Capitals indicates that fmther information will be found under the word so referred to.
PREFATORY NOTE TO F.
The half-volume of the Dictionary containing the words beginning with F includes 9,339 Main words, I>419 Suboidinate entiies, and 2,849 Special combinations explained under the Main words, making a total of 13,607 words, besides 3,459 Obvious combinations recorded and for the most pait illustrated by quotations, without sepaiate explanation. Of the Main words, 2,364* or 25i°/0s 3-re marked (f) as obsolete, and 215, or o,\ °/0, are marked (||) as alien or imperfectly naturalized.
Except for the total absence of words directly taken from Greek, the portion of the English vocabulary tieated in this half-volume is representative of all the vaiious sources which have contributed to the formation of the language. The words that have come down from Old English are very numerous, and many of them have necessarily occupied an unusually large proportion of space, on account of the gieat vaiiety of senses and applications which they have acquired in the couise of their long history. The veib fall and its related substantive, with theii derivatives and combinations, occupy neatly ten pages. Among other long articles may be mentioned those on fast, father , fear, feel , fetch, field, fill , find, fire , fish, flesh , flow, fly , food , foot , fold friend , full. Under all these words will be found recorded, and authenticated by quotations, many senses hitherto overlooked by lexicographers. The articles on the woids for, forth , and from , have cost much thought and research, and it is hoped that they will form a substantial conti ibution to English grammar, and will be found serviceable in elucidating many hitherto obscure passages in our older writers. The Scandinavian element in the language is represented by several important words, including felloiv (the academic use of which has never before been conectly explained in an English dictionary), flat , and fling. The woids of Romanic and Latin derivation are perhaps even moic numerous than those of Old-English descent, and aie unusually interesting. It so happens that while the Romanic and Latin derivatives occurring under the first five letters of the alphabet aie for the most part merely literary, or belong to the technical or the scientific vocabulary, those under F include a large number of the familiar woids of everyday speech, such as fable, face, fact, fade, fail, faint, fairy, faith, false, fame , family , famine, fancy , fantastic, farce , farm , fashion, fate, fatigue, fault, favour , feast, feat, feature , feign, felon, female, fence , fender , ferment, ferret, festive, fiction, fierce , fig , figure, file, finance, fine, finish, firm, fix, flame, flavour , flounce, flour, flourish, flower , focus, foil, folly , foment, fool, force, foreign, forfeit, forge, fork, form, formal, fort, fortify, fortress, fortune, fossil, foundation, fountain , fraction, frail, franchise , frank, frantic , fray , frenzy, frequent , friction, fringe, fritter, frivolous , frock, front , frontier, frown, frugal, fruit, fry, fugitive, fume, function , fund, funeral, fungus, funnel, fur, furnace, furnish, furniture, fury, fuse, fusion, fusty , futile , future, etc. As these words, though of foreign oiigin, have long been completely established in popular cunency, they have in most instances developed many new senses in addition to those which they had already acquired in the languages from which they aie taken, and the articles devoted to them are therefore usually of considerable length. A remaikable chaiacteristic of the poition of the vocabulary here treated is the abundance of onomatopoeic formations, and of words which, though having a definite etymology, have been felt to have an inherent expressiveness in their sound which has influenced their development of meaning : such, for example, as fizz , flab, flap , flash, fleer, flick , flip, flop, flounce , flounder, flump, flurry, flush, flutter, fumble, fuzz.
The almost total absence of terms of purely scientific application beginning with F is partly due to the fact that the great mass of English scientific terms are either formed from Greek elements, or contain Latin prefixes. As has been already stated, no word of immediate Greek derivation begins in modern English orthography with F. If a phonetic system of spelling had been adopted in English, the proportion of scientific terms under the letter would have been very large, as it would have included the many Gieek derivatives which are now spelt with initial Ph-. The letter F is also remarkable in containing no words beginning with Latin prefixes, which in all the earlier letters occur in considerable numbers. Most of the scientific terms which are found in this portion of the Dictionary are special applications of words which aie popularly current in non-technical senses. In the explanation of these the assistance of eminent specialists has been obtained. Although much of the ‘ encyclopaedic ’ matter which it has been the custom to insert in English dictionaries is of set purpose excluded from this work as being alien to its scope, the cunent senses of scientific terms are often given with greater precision than in previous dictionaries, and many interesting facts with regard to their origin and history have for the first time been brought to light.
Among the ai tides which contain material of value to students of legal history may be mentioned those on farm, fee, felony, feoffee , feu , feud, fine, franchise, frankpledge , frithborh. In most of the Law
Vlll
PREFATORY NOTE TO THE LETTER F.
Dictionaiies and hence in some dictionaries of the English language, there appear many alleged terms of early Englrsh law which have no real existence, having been evolved from m.sread.ngs or mis- understandings of the texts. It has not always been thought worth while to occupy sPa=e in "f
these figments; but in a few cases (as under fierding-court), wheie the error has obtained some gen
currency, its origin has been briefly pointed out. ^ <
In the etymologies, the conclusions leached by earlier investigators have been caiefully consideied
in the light of the new evidence afforded by the quotations, and of the general results of lecent philological leseaich. Among the articles containing etymological facts or suggestions not found in eai lier dictionaries may be mentioned those on the woids factotum , fade, failure , fake, fall , fallow , fa er, far , far m % farce , farm, fathom, favel, favella, fee, feeze, felon, feud, flamfew, flamingo, flannel, flash, flavour, flee, fleech, flippant, flounder, focilejog, and foggy, f agger (with which compare the later articles fooker fowker, fulker), foist vb., follow, frantic, free, fresh, fret, frill, frith sb.2, frizzle, frock, froe , frog, f rough, fudge, full v.1 (to baptize), funnel, fur, further, fuss, fylfot. In this department I have leceived continued help fiom Prof. Sievers, now of Leipzig, Prof. Napier, Oxford, and Monsieur Paul Meyer, and on particular questions from other scholars, among whom are the Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, the Rev. Canon D. Silvan Evans, Di. H. Sweet, Oxford, Prof. J. H. Gallde, Utrecht, and Monsieur A. Hatzfeld.
- The material for the letter F, so far as it existed in 1875, was sub-edited, according to the original plan of the Dictionary, by the Rev. G. Wheelwright, who printed a specimen (8 pages 4to) containing Fa— Face. The earlier portion was afterwards taken in hand by the Rev. G. B. R. Bousfield, B A., and Mr. J. Peto, the former of whom sub-edited F — Fi, and the latter FI- to Floun. I have to record, with great regret, the removal by death of both these valued helpers in the work of the Dictionary. Owing to this and to other circumstances, it was not found possible to obtain outside help in the preliminaiy arrangement of the material from Flu - onwards.
I have to acknowledge with gratitude the continued and unremitting laboui of Mr. Fitzedvvard Hall, D C.L., who has enriched every page with new and valuable quotations. Loid Aldcnham, the Rev. Dr. J. T. Fowler, of Durham, and Mr. W. H. Stevenson, M.A., Exeter College, Oxfoid, have also lead all the first proofs, and have often suggested important improvements.
Occasional assistance in special departments has been received fiom most of those whose names are mentioned in the Prefatory Note to the letter E, especially from Mr. A. Beazeley, C.E, ; Sir F. Pollock, Bart.; Mr. R. B. Prosser; Mr. W. Sykes, M.R.C.S. (now of Gospoit). The constant (almost daily) help rendered by Dr. Furnivall it would be impossible adequately to acknowledge. Thanks for information 01 advice on the treatment of paiticular words are also due to Mr. A. Caland, Wageningen, Holland ; Mr. W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Royal Gardens, Kew, Mr. H. T. Gerrans, M.A., Oxford; Mi. James Hammond, M.A. ; Mr. George Heppel, M.A. ; Mr. A. F. Leach, M.A. ; Prof. Maitland, Cambridge , the Rev. H. Rashdall, M.A. ; Mr. J. M. Rigg; and Mr. R. J. Whitwell.
My assistants in the pieparation of this half-volume (to whom I owe most cordial thanks for their painstaking and zealous co-operation) arfe Mr. G. F. H. Sykes, B.A. ; Mr. Walter Worrall, B.A. ; Mr. W. J. Lewis; Mr. H. J. Bayliss, and (latterly) Miss E. S. Bradley. In the proof-ieading I have, as before, been ably assisted by Mr. A. Erlebach, B.A. My removal to Oxford, which took place in the middle of 1896, has, by enabling me to confer with my assistants personally instead of by correspondence, materially facilitated my work, and the lesults are already visible in the greatly increased i*apidity with which the copy has been produced.
HENRY BRADLEY.
Oxford, October 1897.
EMENDATIONS.
Falcon-ffentle. * The falcon-gentle is the female of the peregrine, not of the goshawk . . and her male is the tercel-gentle. * (D. H. Madden, Diary of Master William Silence, 1897, p. 376 )
Faldstool. The explanation given of the OE, form fyldestil is incorrect; cf. the gloss { volumina, fyldas ’ in Zeitschnft f. deutsches Alterthum, IX. 494.
Fastgong1, Fastingong, The ON. forms fpstu-gangr, fgstu- inngangr, should have been referred to From the latter it appears that the correct analysis of fastmgong is fast sb. + tngang.
Fein dill. The article should be deleted, the word in the quot. being a mistake for semihll ( = seldom).
Fox, prep. 7 c. The expression * to name (a child) for ( = after) a person * is erroneously marked ‘now only U.S’ It is still current in Sc.
For ay ex. A reference should be given to the articles Fourrier, Furrier1.
Fox sb. 16. Fox-iaJielp b was app. a kind of cider. Cf. the following quot. :
1664 Evelyn Pomona iv. 14 For the kinds then of Cider-Apples in being . . Some commend the Fox-Whelp.
Foy, v. Mr. G. H. Haswell informs us that on the north-east coast (esp. at Shields), a foy-boat was a small boat used (before the intro- duction of steam-tugs) to tow vessels in and out of haibour. The boat carried a small anchor or * hedge and was rowed a certain distance ahead of the vessel being towed ; the kedge was then dropped, and the men on the ship ‘ hove upon * the kedge with a windlass until the vessel came over it, when the kedge was taken up and the process repeated. The operation was called foymg, and the men employed foy-men. (See The Maisier * a Century of Tyneside Life, p 39.)
Fruz, v. Delete the reference to Furze v., and insert the following as the first example :
1703 Mrs. Centlivre Beau’s Duelvr. 1 Mercy on me, what a bush of hair is there fruz'd out.
PREFATORY NOTE TO G.
The second half of Vol. IV, which is occupied with the woids beginning with G, contains 7,551 Main words, 3,513 Special Combinations explained and illustrated under these, 3,791 Subordinate entries, and 3,687 Obvious Combinations; in all 15,543 words. Of the 7,551 Main words, 1,601, or 31J per cent., are marked (f) as obsolete, and 338, or 3! per cent , are marked (||) as alien or not completely naturalized*.
The G section of the English vocabulary has one curious difference from all the preceding sections. Under each of the letters from A to F a very large proportion of the words recorded in the Dictionaiy aie compounds of prepositional or adverbial prefixes, English, Gieek, Latin, or Fiench, such as a-, ab ad-, an-, ana-, ante-, anti-, apo-, at; be-, hi- ; cata circum-, com-; de~, di dia -, dis-, dys- ; en-, epi-, eu-, ex-; for-, fore-, forth-. Under G compounds of this kind aie entirely wanting; and, as the words containing prefixes, with few exceptions, have little variety of sense and form, and no great length of histoiy, their absence is one of the circumstances which explain why the space occupied by G in this woik is proportionately larger than in ordinary English dictionaries, in which illustration by examples is a less important feature Another cause which has contributed to the same result is that G is unusually rich in those words of the piimitive Teutonic vocabulary, which express conceptions of the widest possible generality, and have developed an enormous number of specific applications. Such verbs as get, give , go, grow , such adjs. as good, great, and such substantives as ground, have necessarily required articles of abnormal length to exhibit their diversities of usage. Long as these articles aie, it is probable that they are far from being exhaustive . in such words the multitude of special meanings and of idiomatic collocations seems to be endless.
The various linguistic elements of which the English vocabulary is composed aie all fairly well repre- sented among the words with initial G. The Teutonic (i. e. native English and Scandinavian) element is the most considerable, not indeed numerically, but with regard to the importance and interest of the words, and to the space which they occupy in the Dictionary. Among the words from this source which are interesting on account of sense-development may be mentioned (in addition to those referred to in the foregoing paragiaph), gall, game, gear, ghost, glass, gloom, gloiv, God, gold , green, grey, grim. The words of early adoption from French are very numerous, and include many that aie in everyday use, as gain, gallant, garment, garnish , gay, gender, gentle , ginger, glory, glutton , gorge, govern, gown, grace, grain, grammar, grand, grant , grape, grave adj gravel , grief, grieve, gross , grudge, guard, guardian, guide, guile, guise. The Latin derivatives, either taken directly from that language or through learned adoptions in French, include such impoitant words as gem , general, generation, genial, genius, gesture, globe, gravitation, gravity. The Greek element is copiously represented by words beginning with gen-, geo-, gloss-, glott -, gly-, gon-, gonio -, gram-, graph-, gymn-, gyn gyro-. The Celtic words are not numerous, but probably not less so than in any other letter of the alphabet : they include gabbock, Gaelic , galloglass, galnes, galore, garran, gelt sb 1, gillie, glack , glannen, glen, glib sb.1, glossan , gneeve, goryd, graddan, gralloch. Words from Oriental and African languages are more than usually abundant, though most of these are marked (||) as not fully naturalized ; of those which are in familiar use the most noteworthy ar z garble vb., gingham, and gong2. ‘From South American and West Indian languages we have a large group of words beginning with gua-, introduced through Spanish and Portuguese. There is also a considerable number of onomatopoeic formations, such as gabble, gibber, gobble, goggle , gurl, gurr, and several with the initial combinations^-/-,^-, and gr-.
Among the articles containing etymological facts or suggestions not found in foimer English Dictionaries are those on gaberdine, gam (vb.1 and vb.2, and the 1 elated sbs.) , gallipot, gander, garble, gas, gavelkind, gear, gherkin, ghost, giddy, gimcrack , gingerbread, gingerly , girl, glade, glance, glean, gloaming, gloom, gnome, go, goal, God, goody ear, gospel, gossamer , gouge, gown, gradient, grampus, gravy, grist, groats, groom, grozier, guarantee , guess, guest, guild, guinea-pig, gun, gyve.
The material for the letter G was twice sub-edited by Mr. J. Bartlett, M.A. J first in 1888 and the fol- lowing years, and again in 1897-9, an enormous mass of additional quotations having accumulated in the interval. The portion from Gem to Groundsel had previously been sub- edited by the late Rev. G. B. R. Bousfield, and that from Group to the end of the letter by the Rev. T. D. Morris. The articles Get, Ground,
* The following figures illustrate the scale of this work as compared with that of Johnson’s and some more recent Dictionaries :
Johnson. 1 Encyclopaedic.' 'Century* Djct. Funk’s ' Standard ’ Here.
Total words recorded in G 1312 5953 7595 73^6 i5j542
Words illustrated by quotations 1035 3187 2872 891 12,825
Number of illustrative quotations 5783 369r 74*9 I2I4 63,061
The number of quotations in the corresponding part of Richardson’s Dictionary is 4471.
iv
PREFATORY NOTE TO THE LETTER G.
and Gun, before being taken in hand by my assistants, weie prepaied by Mi. E. L Brandreth. In the treatment of the difficult word Greats valuable help was rendered by Dr. H. Sweet.
In the treatment of etymology frequent help has been received from Pi of Sievers, of Leipzig, Prof. Napier, of Oxford, and M. Paul Meyer, of Paris. On the meaning and history of terms belonging to various depaitments of science, art, and industry, much valuable aid has been generously conti ibuted by specialists of eminence. To the list of occasional helpers given in the Prefatory Notes to E and F, the following names are now to be added: Mr. W. G. Boswell- Stone ; Mr. H. L. Bowman, M.A., University Museum, Oxfoid, the Rev. T. S. Cooper; Mr. W. J Ciaig, M.A. , the Rev. T. L O Davies, M.A. ; Sir Howard W. Elpliin- stonc, Bart.; Mr. W. W. Fisher, M.A., Oxford; Mr. A. G. Veinon Harcourt, M.A, Oxfoid; Mr. A. Plaiston, architect, London; Mr. Barclay V. Plead, British Museum; Mr. W. H. Hills, Ambleside ; Mr. W. J. Hocking, Royal Mint; Mr. E. W. Hulme, H M Patent Office; Pi of. Axel ICoclc, Lund; the late Pi of. E. Kolbing, Bieslau ; Piof J. K. Laughton, Prof. A. E. H. Love, Oxford; Mr. IT. F. Lowe, M.A., H.M. Patent Office; Mr. R. W. Macan, M.A., Oxford; Mr E. J Muybridge; Mr. J. Platt, jun ; Mr. P. Z. Round, M.A. ; Sir John Stainer, late Piofessor of Music, Oxfoid; Mr. J, Stephenson, Whitby. I have again to render especial thanks to Dr. Furnivall foi constant help of various kinds, often involving much laborious research.
The proofs have been legularly read by Dr. Fitzedwaid Hall (who, as in former parts of the Dictionary, has emiched every page with valuable additional quotations), by Lord Aldcnham, the Rev. Canon J. T. Fowler, of Durham, the Rev. W. B. R. Wilson, M. A., Mr. W. IT. Stevenson, M.A., Mr A Caland, Wagcningcn, Holland, Dr. W. Sykes, F.S.A., Torquay, and the Rev. Prof. Slceat. All these gentlemen have supplied valuable additions and corrections. For the early pages the same service was rendered by the late Mr. Russell Martineau, M.A., who continued to work for the Dictionary until a few days befoie his lamented death.
The editorial assistants who have worked with me in the preparation of this half-volume are Mr. G. F. IT. Sykes, B.A.; Mr. Walter Won all, B. A. ; Mr. C. T. Onions, M.A. ; Mr. W. J. Lewis; Mr. PI. J. Bayliss ; Miss E. S. Biadley; and (m the earlier pages) Miss A. M. Turner. Mr. W. A. Craigie, M.A., has also co-operated in the prepaiation of many of, the articles.
October, 1900. ITENRY BRADLEY.
ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS.
Gabion 2. The source of Scott’s peculiar use of the woid is found in the following quotations, but it does not appear what suggested the ‘ catachrestic 1 application ■ — 1638 Adamson Muses Threnodie [no paging or signature] note, The ornaments of his Cabin, which by a Cata- chrestic name, he usually calleth Gabions Ibid (; title of piece) , Iuven- tane of the Gabions , m M. George his Cabinet.
Gable-end. Earlier example of the j8 form — a 13 So St Bernard 299 in Horstm. Altengl Beg (1878) 46 In fe gable end of ]>e churche Ben freo wyndouwus.
Gadling-1. The following passage is the original of the example quoted from Stow. — a 1360 Chromcon Galfndi le Balter (1889) 113 Thomas qtubusdam stmiulis curtis et aculis quos manum dextram com- primendo digitorum nodi radicales e cirotecis lammatis expresserunt, et eos moderm vocant gadehnges, nudam Joannis faciem vulneravit
Oage, v Earlier example. — 1475 Caxton C Hesse ill v. (1481) G vij, They began . . to axe and demande of her the besaunt that they had geuen to her. And she answerd That hit was holden and gaged vpon an ymage
G-aid, g-ade. The word occurs also in the sense of c goad’ : — 16S2 Peden in Biogr Presbyt (1838) I. 51 Their Theats will burn, and their Swinglet ees will fall to the Ground . and the Gade-men will throw away their Gades.
Game, sb 7 prize contended for’) Earlier example:— e 1380 Wyclif Set. IVks. II 258 Two men . . rennen a space for a priis, and he fat come]) first to his ende shal have Joe gamen fat is sett, wliefer it be spere . . or ojur Jung fat is putt.
Gangrel 1. Earlier example : — c 1340 Hampole Pei feet Living yiii m Wks 1S95 I. 33 Gangrels, and Iangelers, & kepers of coiners and gangars arely & late.
Gargoyle. Earlier example: 13 . . S. Eikenwolde 48 in Iiorstm Altengl. Leg. (1881) 267 Hit was a throghe of thykke stone . . "With gargeles gamysht aboute, all of gray marbre.
Garter, sb. 6a. Earlier example: — ? 1504 in Trevelyan Papers (Camden Soc.) III. 7 The arrays off Carminow, Garter seth . . came of the UJ brotherys When ye ware made knytt ther wher but mj cottes off recorde yn Garterys booke.
Gas, sb In the Etymology, reference should have been made to the use of chaos by Paracelsus . see Gnome 2.
Gender, sb. 2. Earlier example . — a 1380 St. Theodora 109 in Horstm Altengl Leg (1878) 36 Hire name, fat was femynyn Of gendre, heo turned m to masculyn.
Geaitras (see Genitor1). Add the following quotation .—13 . . Minor Poems of Vernon MS. xxxvn. 276 Men mijte, 3if his brech weore to-tore, seon his genitras [ rime has].
Gentlemanly, a Earlier example* — 1433 Lydg S. Edmund 11. 128 This said Lolhbiok was . Riht gentilmanly m al bis demenyng
Gibbet, sb 1 5 The comb, gibbet- free occurs many centuries earlier , — 13 . St. Cnsiofer 668 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (18S1) 462 Myne eldirs
. sloughe liym on a gebete-tree.
Giesetrye. The OF giezitene is f the med.L. giezita (St. Bemaid) which was anglicized as Gyesite, q v
Gist, sb See also Jet sb 4 The AF. law phrase (cest) action gist, * (this) action lies’, which is the souice of the Eng. sb, occuis 1502-3 m Ke Ivey's Rep (1688) If 50 a, and is common 111 law-books. An earlier example of the sb is. — 1711 5 Modern Reports (1794) 305 ( Gatehouse v. Row) Because it is the very gist of the action
Gite 1, grcle. Eailier example • — 13 . Mznoi Poems of Vernon MS xxxvn 2S1 pis wymraen fat muchel hauntef pride . Heore reuersede gydes on hem are streyt drawe
Glavermg*, vbl sb Earlier examples :—c 1425 St Mary of Oigmes 11. v. m Anglia VIII 165/26 Made pioude wif glauerynge of pros- pente Ibid 168/36 Pryde gaf me comforte . . wif brighte beemes of glauerynge.
Glooming*, vbl sb 1. Earlier example. — 13 . . Peter & Paul 74 in Horstm Altengl Leg (1881) 77 Hetheli glowmmge & wordes grete
Glossary! Earlier example — a 1380 S Paula 36 in Horstm Altengl Leg (1S78) 8 As seif fe bok, iclept Glosarie
God-speed. Earlier instances — c 147 o ITenryson Mor Fab 11. {Tozvn tfe C. Mouse ) xv, This burges brocht lhame sone quhair thay suld be, Without god speid thair herberie was tane. Ibid, xxiv, Quheii in come gib hunter . . And bad god speid.
Golden, a 4 Earlier example : — c 1400 Rom Rose 5650 Pictagoras lumsilf reheises In. a book that the Golden Verses Is clepid.
Golden, a 10, Gold, a 10. Eailier examples of golden ram, gold ram (Fireworks) occur in 1672 Venn Compleat Gunner 111. x 19, the author also uses golden or gold hair m the same sense
Go-summer. Earlier example : — 1649 Cupar Presb. Rec. in Camp- bell Bdlmerino (1899) 3^1 In the last goesommer save one.
Goul man. Delete the article. (See gull maw, Gull sb 1)
Gourd1. Add to the Forms ‘6 gord’, and insert the following earlier example m sense 4: — 1596 Raleigh Disc. Guiana 16 He . . called for his Calabaza or gords of the gold beades.
Gunpowder. Earlier example : — 1411 Indenture m Excheq. Accts, Q. R. Bdle. 44, no. 17 (Pub. Rec. Off.), Une petit barell’ de gonpouder, [Misdated 1338 by Nicolas Royal Navy II, 476 App.]
F.
F(ef \ the sixth letter of the Roman alphabet, represents historically the 6th letter (pvaw) of the Semitic alphabet, which expressed the sounds of w (approximately) and the related vowel u In early Greek writing the letter had at first the same twofold power ; but subsequently its accidental varieties of form came to be differentiated in func- tion, the form F (retaining the 6th place in the alphabet) being appropriated to the consonantal use, while V or Y served for the vowel, and is the source of the Roman TJ, V, Y, as explained under those letters As the sound w was lost in the chief literary Gieek dialects of the classical period, its sign f (called by the giammarians from its form the Digamma) is not included m the later Gr. alphabet In the Roman adoption of the Gr alphabet the sound given to the 6th letter was the voiceless labiodental spirant (f ) In OE the letter retained the sound (f) unless it stood be- tween two vowels, when it was pronounced as the corresponding voiced spirant (v) In the S W., ac- cording to some scholars, the voiced sound was used also initially. In mod Eng F is always sounded (f ), exc in the word of where it is voiced to (v) through absence of stress In MSS a capital F was often written as IF A mis- understanding of this practice has caused the writing of Ff or ft at the beginning of certain family names, eg Ffiennes, Ffoulkes '
c iooo jElfric Gram iii (2)6 Semivocales syndon seofan *» h ni ri s» x xS8o Baret Alv. F , If ye drawe in length ai , erewi*haH Put your under lippe to your ouer teeth, ye
shall heare the verie sound of EF b attnb (see quots.)
1836 Dubourg V lolm (1878) 274 The parallel holes on each side were straighter than what are called the /holes. 1880 Grove Diet Mus I 500 The holes in the belly of the violin are called the /holes from their shape
II Used as a symbol, with reference to its place (6th) in the alphabet
1 f, /1 s used to denote anything occupying the sixth place in a senes (Cf A, B, C, etc )
2 In Music F is the name of the 4th note of the diatonic scale of C major , called F in Germany, fa m France and Italy Also the scale or key which has that note for its tome. F clef the bass clef (see Clej>1), placed on the line m the
stave appropriated to the note F , its form or is said to be a corruption of that of the letter.
1848 Rimbault First Bk Piano 53 Place the first finger on every black key except F-sharp 1856 Mrs Browning Aur Leigh v 214 Boldinacci when her F in alt Had touched the silver tops of Heaven itself 1880 Grove Diet Mus I 184 The Sonata in C .contained when completed a lone Andante in F. 6
III. Abbreviations
1 F. = various proper names, as Frederick, Fanny ; —Fellow m F.G S , F R S , etc Also a. = Father as a title of Roman Catholic pnests b. Physics. F. = Fahrenheit (thermometer), c. Comm F. A A. or f. a a —free of all average ; fob —free on board '. d In a ship’s log F stands for fog\ FF for IhM fog e In Music /stands for forte (loud), ff for foitissimo (very loud), but sometimes ff stands for pin forte (louder), and fortissimo is indicated b y fff f F formerly used in criminal procedure (see quots). g F (ong standing for ‘fine’) is the distinctive mark of a particular description of black-lead pencil, also attnb h As a chemical symbol, F== Fluorine
*55* Act 5-6 Echo VI, c. 4 To be burned m the cheeke with an hot yron, hauing the letter F whereby, they may be knowne for fraymakfers and fighters 1809 Tomlins Law Diet , F is a letter wherewith felons &c. are branded and marked with a hot iron, on their being admitted to the benefit of clergy
2 The thi ee F}s (see quot.) i88x Daily Nevis 19 Jan 5/4 Fair rents, fixity of tenure, and free sale, popularly known as the three F's 1891 Ibid, 8 Sept 3/3 Why not go in at once for the three F's— fair rent, fixi ty of tenure, and free sale
Pa (fa), sb. [Originally the first syllable of the L. famuli . see Gamut] The name given by Guido to the fourth note in his hexachords, and since retained in solmisation as the 4th note of the octave
_ c 1325 in Rel Ant I 292 Sol and ut and la, And that froward file that men clepis fa >597 Mosley Introd Mus w7T) 4 There be in Musicke but vi. Notes, which are called vt, re, mi, fa, sol, la, 1660 Howell Lexicon , Fa, one of the highest Notes in Musique 1890 W. H Cummings Rudim,
You IV
Music F 202 In France it is customary to call the sounds by fixed syllables instead of letters, as follows
Do or Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, Do or Ut „ C DEFGAB C Hence as vb (see quot.)
159a Sh\ks Rom *Jul iv v 120, 1 will cane no Crotchets lie Re you, lie Fa you , do you note me?
Pa, obs f. of Few.
Pa, faa, obs. ff of Foe Pa% faa,, Sc. ff of Fall Pa*ard, Sc pronunc of favoured ; only m compounds, as ill-, well-fa' ard Pab, obs. and Sc var of Fob Fabaceous (fab£ Jos), a [f late L. fabdee-us (f faba bean) + -ous see -aoeous ] Having the nature of a bean, like a bean.
1727-36 m Bailey 1775 m Ash; and in later Diets tPa-bal, a Obs.- 0 [ad. L. fabal-is, f faba bean ] f Of or belonging to a bean ’ (Blount Glossogr 1656-81) 1692-1732 m Coles
Pabel(l, var of Favel
II Patella (fabe la). PI. -sb [mod L fabella , dim of faba bean ] (See quot 1884)
1854 Oviln Skel Teeth (1855) 89 A- fabella is preserved behind the outer condyle 1884 Syd Soc Lex , Fabella, a name for the sesamoid bones in the tendon of the gastro- cnemius muscle of the dog and other animals t Pabellator. Obs-0 [as if a L *fabel!ato> , f fabella , dim of fabula story ]
1656-81 in Blount Glossogr 1775 in Ash.
Pabes: see Feaberry dial , gooseberry. Fabian (£‘ bian), a and sb [ad L, Fabidnus of or belonging to aFabius or to the Fabian gens j A adj
1 Of or pertaining to the Roman gens Fabia
1842 Macaulay Battle Lake Regillitsxvii, Tall Caesowas
the bravest man Of the brave Fabian race 2. Pertaining to, or after the manner of, Q. Fabius Maximus, sumamed Cunetator (c Delayer ’) from the tactics which he employed against Hannibal in the Second Punic War, and which consisted in avoiding a battle, and weakening the enemy by cutting off supplies and by continual skirmishing 1808 J Barlow Cohiml V. 826 In vam sage Washington Plays round his foes with more than Fabian skill. 1843 'Eait's Mag Oct 6x5/2 The Fabian policy to which Sir Robert Peel has tied himself up 1849 Ld Houghton m Life 11891) I x 433 The Fabian Duke succeeded m check ing his zeal
b. Fabian Society, a society founded in 1884, consisting of Socialists who advocate a 1 Fabian ’ policy as opposed to immediate attempts at revo- lutionary action. Hence Fabian principles , etc B sb
■j* 1 Flaunting Fabian see quot. 1598.
[Perh originally a transl of L hcens Faints, used by Propertius with reference to the Fabian pnests of Pan, ana the licence permitted them at the Lupercalta ]
I59® Florio, Brawizzo , a swashbuckler, a swaggrer, a cutter, a quareller, a roister, a flaunting fabian Ibid., fjpggiatore, a riotous, lauish, fiauting fabian, a carelesse fellow, an vnthnft. 1599 Nashr Lenten Singe 46 Of all fishes the flanting Fabian or Palmenn of England is Cadwaljader Herring
2 A member of the 4 Fabian Society or one who sympathises with its opinions
1891 A tkeneenm 21 Feb 242/3 The first essay on f The Impracticability of Socialism,' will hardly win souls away from the Fabians
Fabiform (fi?1 bif/im), a [f L faba bean + (i)foem * see -form ] Bean-shaped 185a Dana Crust 11 1287 Short , in a side view, very bioad fabiform 1855 Ramsbothaih,£%*/?- tiled 44 Corpus Luteum is somewhat fabiform, of a dull yellow tint Fable (f?1 b’l), sb Forms . 4, 6 fabel(l, 4-5 fabil(l, fabul (le, 4- fable [a F. fable (OF. also flabe,fauble , Pr faula ) ad L fabula discourse, narrative, story, dramatic composition, the plot of a play, a fable, f. fari to speak see Fate,]
1 A fictitious narrative or statement ; a story not founded on fact
a 1300 Cursor M 23857 (Cott ), Bot war a nbaude us tald, of a fantime or of a fabej a 1340 Hamfole Psalter xxxui xi, I sail leie jownoght J>e fabils of poetis, na the stons of tyiaunts 1483 Caxton Cato G vj b, The poetes sayen and rehercen many fables and thynges meruaylious 1577 Rhodes BK Nurture in Babees Bk. 64 Keepe them [chil- dren] from reading of fayned fables and wanton stones. 1642 Milton Apol Smect Wks (Bohn) III 118 Those lofty fables and romances, which recount m solemn cantos the deeds of knighthood 1700 Dryden tr Ovids Met xn.
111 Fables .141 It seems a Fable, tho’ the Fact I saw, *726 De Poe lint Devil 1 . x (1S401 142 If we may take the story of Job for a hiatoiy, not a fable 1840 Dickens Bam i’ndt>e xxi, Some say he kissed her, but that’s a fable i860 Hawthorne Trausjorm II 1 3 It is a most enchanting fable that is, if it be not a fact
b esp A fictitious story relating to supernatural
or extraordinary persons or incidents, and more or less current in popular belief ; a myth or legend (Now rare ) Also, legendary or mythical stories m general , mythological fiction
Cmsor M 6995 (Cott ), In his [Saleph’s] time war pe fabuls written Saturnus and sir mbiter. 1494 Fabyan Citron v cvi. 81 Of this last ende and bunyng of Arthur are tolde many fables 1520 Skelton Bk P. Sparow, I re- member the fable Of Penelope 1592 Davies Immort Soul iv (1714)40 Minerva Is in Fables said, From Jove, without a Mother, to proceed 1667 Milton P L i 197 [Satan] in bulk as huge As whom the Fables name of monstrous size 1756-7 tr Keysler's Trav (1760) II 288 The old fable of Seth s pillars 1774 Goldsm Nat Hist. (1776) II 251 The existence of a pigmy race of mankind, being founded in error, or in fable 1837 Landor Pentameron Wks 1846 II 215 Scythia was a land of fable to the Romans 1855 Milman Lat Chr {1864) II* tv 1 170 Mohammedan fable had none of the inventive originality of fiction
0. A foolish or ridiculous story , idle talk, non- sense; esp mphr old wives' {women's) fables {arch ) Also + To take (something) for fable , to hold at fable (transl OF tenir a fable)
138* Wyclif x Tim iv 7 Schonye thou vneou enable fablis and veyn [1388 vncouenable fablis and elde wymmenus fablis] c 1430 Pilgr LyfManhode ir xxi (1869183 Wolt pou holde )>e gospel at fable? 1508 Fisher Wks (1876) 85 In the whiche confessyon we may not tell fables and other mennes fautes 1523 Ld Berners From I cclxxxvui 430 Syluester toke it for no fable, 1605 Bacon Adv Learn, x iv § 9 After a time they [narrations of miracles] grew to be esteemed but as old wives' fables 1721 Strype Ecel Mem III App xx 56 [We] distorted them into old wives fables
d. A fiction invented to deceive , a fabrication, falsehood *J* Phrase, without (but, sans) fable.
a 1300 Cut sor M 2349 (Cott ) Bot for f>is bight moght be no fabul c 1300 K Alts 134 Of gold he made a table A1 ful of steorren, saun fable c 1330 R BrunneC/»vw (1810) 146 Men pat neuer lufed fable bot mayn tend pes & right 1:1350 Will Paleme 4608 pis }e wite)j wel alle with oute any fabul. a X500 Childe of Bristowe 227 m Hazl E P P (1864) 119 A1 thynges he gaf ahoqte, withouten fable, to pore men x535 Stewart Cron Scot I 534 Rycht fair he wes and feccfull als but fabill 1548 Hall Citron 87 b. The writers of Frenche fables to deface the glorye of the Englishmen, write [etc.] 1590 Shaks. Com Err iv iv 76 Sans Fable, she her selfe reuil’d you there 1635 Swan Spec M 1 § 1 (1643) 2 The fables of the Egyptians. 1700 Dryden tr Ovid's Met xm in Fables 457 This is not a Fable forg’d by me. Like one of his, an Ulyssean lie 1786 T Jetterson Writ (1850) II 52 What is said on this subject in the Courier d Europe is entirely fable 1848 Macaulay Hut Eng II 8 The extraordinary success of the fables of Oates.
e A creation of fable , something falsely affirmed to exist ; a ‘ myth ’
C1590 Marlowe Faust v 125 Come I think hell’s a fable. x6n Tourneur Ath Trag iv 111, Their walking Spirits are mere imaginary fables. 1691 Hartcliffe Virtues p xxm, If a Man cannot believe that the Immortality of the Soul is a Fable, then [etc] 1836 J Gilbert Chr Atonem v (1852) 126 Some substitute there plainly must be, or moral administration is a fable.
2. A short story devised to convey some useful lesson; esp one in which animals 01 inanimate things are the speakers or actors; an apologue Now the most prominent sense 1340 Ayenb 155 Herof jet ysopes pe fable of pe little hounde and of be asse 1483 Caxton Esope 3 She gaf to hym the yefte of speche for to speke dyuerse fables and In- uencions 1576 Fleming Panopl Epist. 227 A fable of the grasshopper and the Ant 1605 BucoxAdv. Learn. 1 iv § 11 The husbandman -whereof Alsop makes the fable 1711 Addison Sped. No 183 ? 1 Jothanrs fable of the Trees is the oldest that is extant. 1706 H Hunter tr St, Pierre's Stud Nat. (1799) III 496 His Fable of the Belly and the Members 1841-4 Emerson Ess Hist Wks. (Bohn) I 6 A poet makes twenty fables with one moral. 1865 Wright Hist Caricature v (1875) 75 We find no traces of fables among the original literature of the German race 3 [After Latm fabulal\ The plot or story of a play or poem f Also (rarely), a dramatic com- position, play
1678 Rymer Trag of Last Age Ded 4, 1 have chiefly consider’d the Fable or Plot, which all conclude to be the Soul of a Tragedy Ibid 87 This Fable [of Othello ] is drawn from a Novel by Giraldi Cmthio xjrxx Addison Sped No. 39 r 3 The modern Tragedy excels that of Greece and Rome, in the Intricacy and Disposition of the Fable 1767 B Thornton tr Plautus II 112 note, The part which Lysimachus afterwards takes m the fable. 1779-81 John- son L P„ Cowley Wks II 60 The fable [of the Davideis] is plainly implex, 1847 Emerson Rtpr Mm, Shaks Wks. (Bohn) I 355 Shakespeare knew that tradition supplies a better fable than any invention can f 4. Talk, m phrase to hold (a person) m fable , discourse, narration Obs. rare c 1400 Rom Rose 1439, 1 wole nat longe holde you in fable Of alle this gardyn delectable 1530 Buckmaster Let m Corpus CJvnsti Documents (1838) 24 Here shalbe an ende for this tyme of this fable. 1598 B Jonson Ev. Man in Him 11 i, Whilst they, Sir, to relieve him in the fable, Make their loose comments, upon every word, Gesture, or look, I use
b. The subject of common talk, a person or
1
FABLE. *
FABRIC.
thing who has become proverbial ; a 1 byword a> ch. £ After L. fabula , see Hor Ep I xiu 9 ] *53$ Coverdale i Kings ix. 7 Israel shall be come a by- worde and fabell [1382 WYCLir, schal be into a proverbe and into a fable] amonge all nacions 1591 Spenser Humes of Rome vu, Ye sacred rumes Alas 1 by little ye to nothing flie, The people’s fable, and the spoyle of all 1605 B Jon- son Volpone 1 v, Knew you not that Sir? 'Tis the common fable 1670 Cotton Espernon 11 vit 316 He became . the Fable of the Court 1766 C Anstey Bath Guide xv ii I'm a Fable I and serve to dispense An Example to alt Men of Spirit and Sense, 1842 Tennyson Gard Dau 6 We grew The fable of the city where we dwelt, 1849 Thackeray Pendenms Ixxv, He broke the bank several nights, and was the fable of the place if 5 * A trifle, toy. Obs rare — 1 1552 Hdloet, Seller of fables, haberdash wares, or trifles Q attnb and Comb a attributive, as fable-book , forge , t -lesynge, -tale\ b objective, as fable- forger, -maker, - monger , -teller, -weaver , fable- framing , - tnongenng adjs *387 Trevisa Higden (RollsJ II 421 Varro telleb noujt a fable lesynge 1552 Huloet, Fabler, or fable teller, or full of fables, Jiibulosus 1591 Sylvester Du Bart as 1 iv 114 And therefore smile I at those Fable-Forges x6io Healey St Aug Citie 0/ God 679 How mischievous the presump- tion of those fable-forgers was *647 R Stapylton Juvenal 173 Rhodope (fellow bondwoman to ^Ssope the fable- maker) 1652 C. B Stapylton Herodian vu 55 Niger who tells us a fabile tale a 1661 Holyday Juvenal Pref , The famous Italian fable- weavei, Ariosto 1677 Gale Crt Gentiles II m 72 The Pythagorismg Jewish humor of Fable-framing Philosophic 1678 Cudwortk Intell Syst x iv Contents 190 The licentious figments of Poets and Fable-mongers a 1700 Drvdln Epist vu 32 All these fable-makers 1734 Waterland Scripture Vindicated Pref xxn, The attentive Readers may perceive how to dis- tinguish the true and pioper Allegonsts from the Fable- mongers or Mythics 1788 V Knox Winter Even I, it xv 208 Fable books used for the initiation of children in reading 1833 H A in Pkilol Mns. II 442 Men who were not fable-makers or compilers of marvellous stories 1851 H Melville Whale xxxiv 168 His credulous, fabie- mongenng ears
Fable (/?> b’l), v. Also 7 fabule [a OF, fabler *— L fdbuldrl to talk, discourse, f. fabula see Fable, The Eng senses are directly derived from those oftlie sb ]
+ 1. tntr To speak, talk, converse. Ohs rare—1, [A Latimsm]
138a WycufZ.wL?xxiv xs While they talkiden(orfableden) IVul g fabulartntur). Ihesu him self neuynge went with hem 1370 Levins Manip 2 To fable, talke, confabulan + 2 a. To tell fictitious tales, speak fiction, romance b. To talk idly. Ohs a. c ^YCLIF Serm Sel, Wits II. 133 Whannemen speken fables bei fablen in her speche 1402 Pol Poems (1859) 41 Daw, thou fablest of foxes, 2572 Golding
Calvin on Ps xvui 16 David doth not fable like a Poet 2593 Shaks 3 Hen VI, v, v 25 Let ^Esop fable in a Winters Night ax 722 Prior tsl Hymn Callimachus 69 Saturn1!, sons Old poets mention, fabling 2824 Southey Roderick vi 125, 1 do not dream nor fable b 2579 J Jones Present Bodie Soule 1. xvui 31 Let Paracelsus neuer so foolishly fable to the contrarre, 2633 Fisher Baby Baptism 7 Fabling about moods and figures. 1870 Daily Nevis 15 Oct , Superstition is at last resolvable into the claim of ignorance to fable of the ineffable,
3 To speak falsely, talk falsehoods, lie Const. with. Obs exc arch
*530 Cahsto 4- Mehb in Hazl Dodsley I 68, I wonder where she gets The things that she hath with folks for to fable 1335 Boorde Let in Introd Knowl Introd (1870) 57 In wytness )>at I do not fable with yow 2622 Two Noble Kinsmen 111 v, To say verity, and not to fable We are a meiiy rout, or else a rabble. 2634 Sir T Herbert Treat 158 [Those who have made a pilgrimage to Mecca] e“er after accounted Syets or Holy men, and cannot fable from that time forward 2802 Soui hfy Thalaba x. xui, Thou hast fabled with me 1 2824 Mrs J West A hcia de Lacy III. 268 Mother, I do not fable
4. trans. To say or talk about fictitiously ; to re- late as m a fable, fiction, or myth , to fabricate, invent (an incident, a personage, story, etc ) With simple and complementary object, to with inf, with sentence as obj ; also absol f To fable up , to work up by fiction into *553 Eden Tteat News Ind (Arb) 42 What foies do fabie, take thou no hede at all 1367 Maplet Gr Forest 06 It is fabled with the Poets, that Ixion, Junoes Secretary, prouoked hir to Venery 2583 STANYHURST^r«m 11. (Arb 46 Hee fabled sundrye reportes 2398 Stow Sunt vn (1603) £aed n?l Eldarne trees gs some haue fabuled 1622 Speed Hist Gi Brit 1 xi 21/2 TheHur- lers fabuled to bee men metamorphosed into stones, 2628 VoKDFemcusm m,That is a truth much fabled, never found f VI tbis Heav’n *tself into the
Sri2?0Ur*M1jSt ?7*V?E Foe Hist Detail x, (2840) 139 Men soon fabled up their histones into miracle and wonder Im*rov (*8oi) 4 The most learned of
mortals will never act over again what is fabled of Alex-
rtederi, I7S° Warbuh,t,OM Jnhan v* 0f these [cannS Wer£ at oberty 10 fable what they pleased. ?774 Pennant Tour Scot m 1772. 3S4 This rastle is ta have been founded by Ewin54 2794 Coleridge Rehg Mnsnigs viu, Armed Deities Such as the blind deaf m°?D5W Wh Doe iv. no More
PriJe „ Tghof JK5 !fbledu to aPPeai *847 Tennyson ’ .? failed nothing fair But, your example pilot, told her ail 1869 Phillips Vesnv. vm 207 The in- •fr ii i fabled that the birds which attempted to fly over it fell down into the water 2877 L Morris Epic Hades in. 242 And so men tabled me, a huntress
2
Palsied (fel b’ld\ pfl a [f prec + -ED*.] In senses of the verb
1. Described or mentioned in fable, celebiated in fable, mythical, legendaiy 121740 T Tickell To a lady, with descr Phoenix, Each fabled charm in matchless Caaba meets 1780 Cowper Progr Fry 231 Like fabled Tantalus 1813 Shelley Q Mab iv 89 A garden shall arise, in loveliness Surpassing fabled Eden a 1853 Robertson Serm Sei in v Introd (1872) 61 Like the fabled monsters of old
2 Having no real existence, fictitious, invented. 1606 Warner All Eng, xtv Ixxxiv (1612) 350 This for no fabled Caution was obserued, but too trew 1723 Porr Odyss xvi too Do priests m fabled oracles advise ? 2870 Morris Earthly Par III iv 188 Men by fabled woes were stirred
Fabledom (fi?1 b’ldsm) rare [f Fable sb. + -dom ] The * realm 1 or ‘ world ’ of fable 285a {title). Freaks and Follies of Fabledom, a little ‘ Comic 1 Lempriere 2892 E PrACOCK N Btcndon II 334 The literature of fabledom
Fabler (f?1 blaj). Also 4, 7 fabuler [f prec + -ER 1 perh after OF. fableor'—l^ fdbulator- em : see Fabijlatob] One who fables fa A writer of fables or apologues {obs rare— 2 : a literalism of translation) b One who invents fictitious stories , chiefly m contemptuous use, a fiction-monger, fabulous histonan. f c One who speaks falsely, a liar (obs ) a 138a Wycur Baruch ui S3 The fablers, or janglers 2609 BisLr (Douay) ibid 111 23 Marchants of Meirhe, and of Theman, and fablers searcheis of prudence and under- standing
b 1614 Raleigh Hist, Woi Id iv 11 §21 485 Out great traveller Mandivile we account the greatest fabler of the world 2644 Bp Hall Rem Wks (1660) 130 The bold legends of lying fablers 2728 W Smith A nn tfmv College 153 Little Credit is to be given to these Fablers 2822 T Campbell in New Monthly Mag II 228 The romantic fablers have generally aggravated the horrors of Circe 1869 J D. Baldwin Preh. Nations 11 {2877) 24 That ready fabler, the Canan physician Ctesias. 2878 T. Sinclair Mount 28 Rather was he [Swedenborg] a mechanical fabler of facts
O 236a Langl P. PI A. 11. 257 Alle Jus ojiuie Fabuleis and Faytours, hat on Fote rennen 2348 Hall Chi on 88 b, The inhabitantes of Vernoyle gevyng to light credit to the Frenche fablers, received the duke 2579 E K Gloss Spenser's Sheph. Cal Apr, 220 Certain fine fablers, and loude lyers, 2607 Tourneur Rev Trag n 1 in Harl Dodsley X. 46 Y are villains, fablers 1 j ou lie. 2624 F White Repl Fisher 86 Some censuie the reporter of Miracles, as Fab tilers and Lyars
II Fabliau (fabltio) PI fabliaux [F fabliau, assumed sing, to OF fabliaux, pi of fablel, cbm of fable . see Fable ] A metrical tale, belonging to the early period of French poetry 2804 Scott Introd Sir Tristr. 48 The interesting^5rMar?/jr of the Anglo-Norman trouveurs 2823 Roscoe tr. Sis- inondts Lit Enr. (2846) I viu 221 Some of the Fabliaux very nearly approach the romances of chivalry 2874 Grefn Short Hist v (1876)2x5 The broad humour of the fabliau.
Fablinpf (fi?«blig), vbl. sb [f Fable v. + -iNQ-i ]_ The action of the vb Fable , the telling of fictitious stones, fabulous narration, romancing, flying, an instance of the same
a 2300 E, E, Psalter cxvm [cxix ] 85 Wicked fabhnges talde to me 2330 Cahsto <5- Mehb in Hazl Dodsley I 78 With thy fabling and thy reasoning, i-wis I am beguiled x6xo Holland Camden’s Brit 1 24 In the same veme . of fabling they called thus Hand Albion 2672 Mil- ton P R iv 295 The next to fabling fell and smooth con- ceits. 1774 Warton Hist Eng Poetry (2775) I 22, I have considered the Saracens the first authors of lomantic fabling among the Euiopeans. 2822 Lamb Elia, Old Benchers , Extinct be the fairies and fairy trumpery of legendary fabling
b attnb
*545 Ascham Toxoph (Arb ) 45 They wolde tbinke you made it but a tnflyiig and fabling matter 2365 Golding Ovids Met Ep (1593)11 The Poet m fabhng-wise dooth make It happen in Deucalions time.
Fabling (fel blig), ppl a [f. Fable zl+-ing That fables, m senses of the vb ; that invents or relates fables, addujted to fable, lomancing; m bad sense, mendacious
-1448 Hall Chron (1809) 52 Crafty imaginers of you fablyng French menne. 1570-6 Lambarde Per ami Kent (2826) 9 the tonde dreames of doting monkes and fabling hiars 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage 1 x (1614) 5a As for Noah, the fabling heathen deified him 2704 Pope Wind- sor For. 227 The fabling Poets’ lays 2822 B. Cornwall Ludovico S/orea 1 4 She stood Like one of those bright shapes of fabling Greece 2862 hat Rev 21 Dec 643 E abling hatred was busy with the name of the fallen usurper
b occas said of utterances, etc
H'l6* r m Peyton Par(ld‘P* in FaiT S. P Jas / (1848) 278 The fabling prayses of Elizium fields 2733 Gent l Mag KXV 420 Confusd mythology, and fabling song x8i4. Southey Roderick xx 208 False records, fabling creeds and juggling priests 6 1
t Fa-bor, fa bour. Obs [a. OF fauxbourp see Faubourg] A suburb,
fJ+H HENRY ^A'^viri 527 On to the getti* and fabons off the toun Braithly thai brynt 2480 K Hen VII in jPffrAw Lett {1874) III 357 Thei drewe down the fabours QfGyngham.and made theyme mete to defende a siege
J Fabrefa*ctiOn. Obs rare [as if aa L. fabrefachon-em, n. of action f fabrefacere, f fabre
skilfully + facefe to make] The action or pro- cess of fashioning 01 making (a work of art)
265a Gaule Magastiom 29 O toylsome laboui, in pi Liti- gious fabrefaction 1 2678 C unworn 11 Intell Syst 429 The Platonists, whose Inferiour Generated Gods vvei e supposed to have had a stioke in the Eabrefaction of Mankind Fabric < fie brik, brik) , t b Forms 5- (5
fabnke, -yke, 6-7 fabrique, (7 fabriq), 7-8 fabnek(e, 7- fabric, [a hr .fabrique ( - IT fabnga, It. f abb) n a, Kp fabnta ), ad L fib) tea, i faber worker m metal, stone, wood, etc .See Forge sb ]
I A product of skilled woikmanship 1 An edifice, a building
2483 Caxton Gold Leg 275/1 He had neuer sludye in newe fabrykes ne buyldynges, 2538 Luang It in II 68 Gibbes the last Pnoi spent a gitat sunune of Mony on that Fabnke 2666 Eveiyn Diary 7 Sept, 'Hie august fabnq of Christ Chuich 1708 J Chambi hi a\ni St Gt Brit it 1 11 (1743I 326 Fabrieks..said to have been built by the Piets 2736 Nugint G>. Join IV 84 A \uulted fabric without wood or iron-work, tlute stories high 2813 Scott 'Pnom, in xvi, Never moital buildei’s hand Hus enduring fabric plann’d 2865 Dicki ns hint J<> 111 vi, The ruinous fabric was veiy nch in the intciior fig 1612 Siiaks Wait T 1 11 429 You may as well F01 bid the Sea for to obey The M oonc, As shake The Fall nek of his Folly 1664 H Mom Myst Iniq 91 Men inspired to erect the I'abrick of the Chuich 2788 Rim
Aristotle's Log 11 §e 30 Force of genius sufficient to shake the Ai istotelmn fabric 2873 Burton I list, Siob VI kviu 126 The whole fahuc of his ambition was tottenng t 2 A conti lvance ; an engine or appliance Obs 2596 Drayton Leg iv 722 When here that f.ibnque utteily did fade 2600 Hoi land Livy xxv \i 553 When [the city of Tarentuin] began to he assailed with fabntks 2603 — Plutarch’s Mor. 1243 What need had he to use an> such tragique engine, or fabncke to work surh feats 2637 R 1 lve God’s Plea 40 'I iberius thei e invented his detestable Fabricks of lust
3 ‘ Any body formed by the conjunction of dis- similar parts ’ (J.) ; a frame, structure
2633 G Hi RBrHT Temple, Search vu, Loul, dost thou some new fabnek mold Which favour winnes leaving th‘ old Unto their Sinnes? 1674 OwrN Holy Spirit (2693) ?5 This Goodly Fabrick of Heaven and Earth 2728 Prior Solomon hi 268 All the parts of this gieat fabrick change, Quit then old station, and primeval frame. 2728 Thomson Spttug 648 Dry spngs of trees, m aitful fabric laid 1853 Kani (rt/ir ncll hap (1856) 476 In this egg-shell fabnc the Esquimaus navigator encounter, risks which, etc 1863 P. Barky Dockyard Eton 241 The aimour-platesand othei necessity portions of the ponderous fabric
b esp with reference to the animal body 2693 Ld Preston Boeth n 84 The whole Fabnek of Man, Body and Soul, is dissolv'd 2738 S Hayward Serm 1 1 To examine this outward fabnek the body 1 a 2848 R W Hamilton Rew >5 Pnnishm 1 (1853) 49 The wonderful Fabric of the human body 2878 Hum 1 \ Physiogr 228 The solid animal fabric returns to swell the sum of the fluids and gases
0 fis
<2*637 B Jonson Eng Gramm 1 11, The less [letteis] make the Fabrick of Speech. 2669 Ptnn No Cross xn. 10 Death ends the Proud Man’s Fabrick 2785 Ri id Int Powers Ded., To pick holes in the fabric of knowledge wheiever it is weak and faulty 2827 J Scott Pans Re- visit (ed 4) 380 A substantial fabric of public strength, freedom, and opulence 2836 Sm B Buonir Psychol tin/
1 uf n. Questions arising out of it appertaining, to the whole fabric of society.
4 A manufactured material ; now only a ‘ textile fabric a woven staff
*753 Hanway Trav (1762)1 v lxx 318 We are every day making pew fabrics 1792 Robertson India 11 88 Winking up its [silkworm’s] productions into a variety of elegant fabrics 283* G R. Porter Porcelain % Gl to The fabrics pioduced were wanting in most of the qualities essential to good porcelain 1837 Ht Martintau Sot Arner II. 227 The woollen fabric manufactured in these establishments 1874 Green Short Hist v. 228 Up to Edward’s time few woollen fabrics seem to have been woven in England 1883 Stubbs’ Mercantile C11 cnlar 8 N^ 982/2 The people 111 Nagasaki are fast going back to then old practice of spinning this class of fabric for themselves trans/, and fig, 2832 Bkewsttr Nat Magic 11 (1833) 18 The fine nervous fabric which constitutes the retina. 1850 Kingsley Misc (i86o) II no The villain of the piece being a »ugh fabric, is easily manufactured with rough tools.
- — ■ “ — —v hvuuii ui uccss ui naming or con-
structing; erection (of a building); formation (of an animal body or its parts) Now only spec The construction and maintenance (of a cburch) , - Eccl. Lat fabrica ecclestse.
1622 Cotgrave, Fabnque d’vn' Esghse, The fabncke, laparatmn, or maintenance of a Church 1650 BuLwni Anthropomet y 72 The providence of God manifested 111 the fabrique of the eye lids 2664 Power Exp Philos 1 27 lhe prodigious skilfulness of Nature in the fabrick of so Minute an Animal 2730 A Gordon Maffei's Amphith 42 He attributed the Faorick of the Colosseum to him 2737 Burke Abndgin, Eng Hist 1 11, Britain*, so expert in the fahrick of those chariots. 2840 Milman Lat Chr III iv 1 382 The other [third] to the fabric and the poor d attnb in fabne-fund, -lands, - roll 2672 Cowel Interpr , Fabnck-Lands are Lands given to rebuilding, iepair, or maintenance of Cathedrals, or other Churches 27*6 Diet Rusticum s v. 2848 Wharton j.aw Lex „ Fabric Lands, property given towards the re- building or repairing of cathedrals and churches 2850 Rainis (title). The Fabric Rolls of York Minster (Surtees)
S.Ji55.* " A““ I-‘1“
FABRIC.
FABITLIZE.
6 Kind or method of construction or formation, fa of things in general, buildings, instruments, etc Also style (of architecture) Obs.
1644 Evelyn Mem (1857) I 82 The fabric of the Church is Gothic 1662 Stillingel Ong. Sacr in 1 § 16 The peculiar and admirable fabnck of the eyes 1665 Phil Trans I 313 If any person do not know the fabnck or use of any of the Instruments a 1682 Sir T Browne Tracts (1684) 6 Architectonical Artists look narrowly upon the fabrick of the Temple 1690 Locke Hum Und iv ill § 24 The particular Fabncks of the great masses of matter, which make up the frame of corpoieal Beings 1703 Maundhell fount Jcrus (1721) Add 4 The Boats are of a misei able Fabrick 1748 Anson's Voy 11. vi 190 To be well informed of the fabrick and strength of this fort 1774 J Bryant Mythol II 228 They were exposed upon tne waters 111 a machine of this fabrick.
b of manufactured materials Chiefly of textile articles . Texture + Also concr. a particular ‘make’ or class (of goods)
*758 J Blake Plan Mar. Syst 8 Let a particular fabric of paper be made 1764 Harmer Observ xvii 11 77 We conjecture, that the tents of the Patriarchs were of the same fabric 1879 Caldekwood Mind fr Br 55 One who is constantly at work amongst cloths of different fabric.
C fig
1752 Hume Ess fr Treat (1777) I 181 The fabric and constitution of oui mind no more depends on our choice than that of our body 1753 Smollett Ct Fathom (1784) 57/1 Fools of each fabrick, sharpers of all sorts 1779-81 Johnson L P , Pope Wks IV 106 He used almost always the same fabric of verse. 1871 Earle Phtlol Eng Tongue § 597 Compounds vary extremely as regards laxity or com pactness of fabric.
7. concr a Of a textile article • The woven sub- stance , tissue, fibre Also fig
1823 J B adcock Dom Amusem 152 In following that ex- ample our bleachers destroyed the fabric of their goods 1836 J Gilbert Chr Atonem ix (18521 263 There are minds in whose fabric the ratiocinative faculty preponderates 184a Bischotf Woollen Manuf II 228 German wool is of that inferior description which enters into the fabric of low middling cloths 1877 E R Condtr Bas Faith 1 3 Faith in the Unseen and reverence for the Divine — aie inwoven m the very fabuc of our nature.
b Occas used for Structuial material.
1849 Murchison Stluna 111 42 Lime wherewith to supply the fabric of the thicker shell of other mollusca 1850 Dau- beny Atom Th. vui (ed 2) 245 The chief constituent of the vegetable fabric 1866 Rogers Agnc fr Prices I. xx 503 The fabric of the mill appears to have been invariably timber
III. 8 A building erected for purposes of manufacture , a place where work is earned on ; a factory, manufactory rare 1656-81 Blount Glossogr , Fabric , a shop or work-house wherein any thing is framed 1753 Hanway Trav 1x762) I 11 xiv 61 His fabric appeared as a little town, having about four hundred looms 1777 W Dalyrymple Trav Sp. fr Port xxxi, The Marquis hasestabhshedafabnckofwoollen cloth 1807 Southey Espnella’s Lett (1808) I 33 There is a great fabric of carpets at Axmmstei 1844 Fraser's Mag XXX 43r/i The first fabric of liqueurs which had any extensive renown was that of Montpellier
t Fa’bric, v 05s. In 7-8 fabrick(e [f. prec sb ] tram To construct, fashion, frame, make (a material or immaterial object). Also, To fabric up -Fabricate i and 1 c
1623 Favine Theat Hon x 11, That [Target] of Achilles, fabnekt by the Armourer Vulcane 1625 Bp Mountagu App. Cxsar 11 xv 215 Such as the Papists fabneke up unto themselves mtheu works of Supeierogation 1644 Milton A reap (Arb) 74 Matters fram’d and fabric’t already to our hands 1708 J Philips Cyder 1 349 The polish’d Glass, whose small Convex shews how [Cheese-Inhabitants] Fabrick then Mansions in the harden’d milk 1738 Com- mon Sense {1739) II 5 You fabrick Generals as Statuaries do Figures of Wood and Clay Hence f* Pa bricker, Pa bricking vbl sb 1698 R. Fergusson View Etcles 107 The Original Authors and Fabrickers of the Word [trimmer] designed to Describe those who were neither Loyal Subjects nor Vigorous Pations, Ibid 1x6 A key of his own Fabncking Fabricant (fsebrikant) Now tare [a. F fabncaiit, ad L fabruant-em, pr. pple oifabnedre to Fabricate ] One who fabricates, constructs, or fashions (anything) ; a maker or manufacturer 1757 Herald (1758) I No 10 161 The fabricant is taxed in the materials he uses 1777 W Dalrymplf Trav Sp fr Port cxlv, The minister, m the name of the king, first fabricant X799 G Smith Laboratory II 40 Every fabricant or manufacturer at Lyons, in the flowered way 1834 Lytton Pompeii 162 Woe to us fabricants of bronze 1884 G_ Baden-Powell in Fortn. Rev . x Nov 641 Fabricants and refiners manage to create a large margin of * sugar ’
t Fabricate, pa- pple- Sc Obs. [ad. L fa- bHcdt-us pa. pple. of fabneare ] (See quot )
*753 Johnson s v , When they [Scottish lawyers] suspect a paper to be forged, they say it is fabricate
Fabricate (fse bnkeft), v. [f. L.fabricat- ppl. stem of fabned-t e, f fabnea Fabric sb ]
1 trans To make anything that requues skill ; to construct, manufacture. Now rare 1598 Yong Diana 171 Wals fabricated byartificiall hand 1667 Flavel Saint Indeed (1754) 50 A guilty conscience . is true devil’s anvil on which he fabricates all those swords and spears 1678 Cudworth Intell Syst 235 God Fabri- cated the Earth. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot m 1772 10 Hinges and other branches of hardware are fabricated heie, 1821 Craig Led Drawings 134 Colourless Glass has never yet been fabricated 1857 Whewell Hist Induct Sc I 198 He is reported to have fabricated clocks
1872 Yeats Growth Comm 247 And silk was first fabricated m that city [Tours],
f b To fabricate about with . to surround as with a framewoik of Obs 1634 Sir 1 Herbert Trav 64 This citie, the metropolis of Peisia, is fabricated about with spacious gardens c. with immaterial object Also absol.
162X Burton Anat Mel 11 11 m 328 Our later Mathe- matitians haue fabricated new systemes of the World, out of their own Dedalian heads 1783 C J Fox SP E India Bill 26 Nov , He was not vam enough to think, that any bill he could fabricate would be perfect 1864 Bowen Logic 11 43 The secret workshop in which nature fabricates cognitions and thoughts 1875 Whitney Lift Lang 11 19 The tens of thousands [of words] which might be fabricated + d Used for : To produce factitiously Obs 1776 Th Percival Philos , Med fr Exp Essays III 274 The miliary eruption is frequently fabricated by heating remedies and forced sweats.
2 In bad sense To 'makeup’; to frame or invent (a legend, lie, etc ) , to forge (a document"!
*779 J Moore View Soc Fr (1789) I xl 349 The whole story was fabricated 1790 Paley Hotm Paul i 5 A11 impostor who was fabricating a letter in the name of St Patti 1818 Hallam Mid Ages ix (xBig) 346 Every saint [had] his legend, fabricated in order to ennen the churches under his protection. 1855 Macaulay Hist Eng IV. 391 Numerous lies, fabricated by the priests were already in circulation X873 Act 36-7 Viet c 71 § 33 If any person wilfully fabricate m whole or m part, . any voting paper Hence Fabricated/// a , Fabnoatmg vbl sb 1630 Wadsworth Pilgr vu 67 His Art m continuing and fabricating of Ships, and Gallyes 1796 A M. Johnson Monmouth 11 65 While the secret schemes of diabolical revenge svere fabricating 1796 Morse Amer Geog. II 542 Among the fabricated articles, afe great numbers of stoves X796 Burke Let Noble Ld Wks VIII. 67 New fabricated republicks 1805 T Jetferson Witt (1830) IV 4.3 Ihis fabricated flight from Richmond was not among the charges 1853 Kane 6 rinnell Exp xxv < 1856) 205 There is not a man . who %vould have given the countenance of his silence to a fabricated claim
Fabrication (fsebnk?ijan). [ad L. fdbricd- tton-em 9 n of action f fabneare to Fabricate ]
1 The action or process of fabricating (sense 1 of the vb ) ; constiuction, fashioning, manufacture , also, a particular branch of manufacture Now rare,
1677 Hale Pi tin Ong Man iv 1 290 Plato falls into conjectuies, attributing the Fabrication of the Body to the Dn ex Dto or Angels 1710 Berkeley Pnnc Hunt Knowl 1 § 62 The Fabrication of all those Parts and Organs be not absolutely necessary to the producing any effect 1790 Burke Fr Rev. 44 The fabrication of a new government is enough to fill us with disgust. 1845 R W Hamil- ton Pop Ednc 111 {ed 2) 37 Our woollen, cotton, and silk fabrications have drawn out an immense amount of artizans. 1863 Lyell Anita Man 10 Materials which have each m their turn served for the fabrication of implements concr x6o2 Warner Alb Eng Epit. (1612) 356 Seuerus his foiced valhe, with other strong fabrications
2 Iii bad sense . The action of fabricating or f making up ’ ; the invention (of a statement) , the forging (of a document) Also concr An inven- tion , a false statement ; a forgery
1790 J. Bruce Source of Nile II 151 Fabrications of people that never have been in Abyssinia 1819 Sir W 0 Russell Crimes fr Misdemeanours 1 v xxvu, § 1 The fabrication and false making of the whole of a written in- strument will amount to forgery 1839 Thirlwall Greece 1 vu 257 What is said to have happened might have been in- vented, and the occasion and motives for the fabrication may he conceived 1846 Wright Ess Mid Ages II xui 83 The common account of his death is a mere fabrication 1880 T A. Sfalding Ehz Demonol 46 Stories that had too inconvenient a basis of evidence to be dismissed as fabnea tions
Fabricative (fie’bnkfhv), a [f L stem fa- bnedt- see Fabricate and -ive] Having the power or quality of fabi icating , tending to fabri- cation
1793 T Tailor Oral Julian 142 Forms subsist in Nature fabricative, but not intellective 1844 Marg Fulllr Worn, jatk C (1862) 1x8 The fust triad is demiurgic or fabrica tive, that is Jupiter, Neptune, Vulcan Fabricator (fffi bnkc'toi) [a L fabricator ; f fabneare . see Fabricate ]
1 One who or that which frames or fashions.
c 1645 Howell Lett m, ix, The Almighty fabricator of the Universe doth nothing in vam, 1765 Ellis in Phil Trans L V. 283 These worms appeared evidently, instead of being the fabricators of it, to have pierced their nay into the soft substance 1844 Disraeli Contngsby vu 111, 262 The grotesque genius of its fabricator 1846 J. Bax* ter Libr. Pract Ague (ed 4)11 413 Domestic fabricators are too apt to fail in this particular, thinking that when they have mixed together a portion of sugar and fruit their labour is done, i860 Farrar Ong, Lang 1. 26 The Deity as the fabricator of Adam's language. 1863 Lyfll Antiq Man ix (ed 3) 166 They teach us that the fabricators of the antique tools were all post-glacial.
2 In bad sense • One who frames a false state- ment or forges a document , a forger.
1795 Mason Ch Mas. 111 191 The Translator or Fabricator of the Works of Ossian, 1796 Bp. Watson Apol Bible 231 Had they been fabricators of these genealogies, they would have been exposed at the time to instant detection. 1863 Miss Braddon Eleanor's Viet . III. yi 8a The fabricator of a forged wilk
Fa’bricatory, a rare—1, [ad. late L fabn- cdtdrvus , f fabneare see Fabricate and -oby,] Tending to fabricate
*855 Chamb Jml IV 66 Neither Youth melodramatic nor Antiquary fabneatory
Fabricatress. [f Fabricator-!- -ess] *A female who fabricates 1 1846 Worcester cites Lee.
f Fa'bricature. Obs. Also 7 fabryoature. [f. L stem fabi icdt- . see Fabricate and -ore ] The action of fabricating , construction, b. Me- thod or style of construction c. Structure , ‘ make ’
1600 Dymmok Ireland (1843) 37 Ihe scite and fabryoature of which [forte] declare Sr John Norris an mgener. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 643 In the fabiicatuie of _ their Honey-combes, they [Bees] make the fashion according to the magnitude and figure of the place 1641 Disc. Pr Henry in Harl. Mtsc (Malh ) III 523 The fashion and fabneature of the ships 1657 Tomlinson Rcnous Disp 399 A Dragon of such artificiall yet naturall fabneature
+ Fa’brile, a Obs [a. OF. fabnle, ad L. fiabnl-is , f. faber artificer ] Of or belonging to a craftsman or his craft. Fabnle glue carpenter’s glue (L. fabnle gluten )
1611 Cotgr , Fabnle, of, or belonging to the craft of a Smith, Mason, or Carpenter x66x Lovlll Hist Arum fr Mm 22 The fabnle glue decoct in Water and applied, helpeth the teeth 1664 Evelyn Sylva (17761 649 Trees, fitted for Timber and ail other Fabnle employments. *678 Littleton Lat Diet , Fabnle, or of Smiths work, fabnhs
Pabular (fie bi«lai), a. [ad L . fdbular-is, f. fabula (see Fable sb.) ] Pertaining to or of the nature of a fable, fabulous.
1684 W Baxter tr Plutarch's Mot, (1694) IV 87 These then are most of the Heads of this Fabular Narration x8xi Lamb Guy Faux, The way which we take to per- petuate the memory of this deliverance is well adapted to keep up this fabular notion 1850 Fraser's Mag _XL I 535 Simplicity is better adapted to fabular composition.
f Fa'bular, sb. Obs. [ad. late L fdbuldnus, f. fabula t able ] A narrator or recorder of tales or fictions
1565 Jewel Def Apol (1611) 279 That Great fond Fa- bular Simeon Metaphrastes
Fabulate (fie biirk't), v [f L fdbuldt- ppl stem of fdbuldrl to speak, f fabula Fable sb ] f 1. a trans. To relate as a fable or myth b intr To talk or narrate in fables Obs.
1616 T Adams Semi. Jos 111 8 Wks (1629) 143 Guarded as it were with Gyants m an Inchanted towre, as they fabulate 1624 Heywood Gunaik 1 vi This histone is with much nimble witte tabulated by Ovid 2. trans. To invent, concoct, fabricate 1856 Bushnell Serm Living Subj , Fabulating visit and vision to express his gnef
t FabuLa’tion. Obs — 0 [ad L fdbuldtidn em, n of action f fdbuldrl . see piec.] The action of
fabulating
1737-36 Bailey, Fabulation, the moralizing of fables *775 m Ash, _
tabulator (fsebiirlekai) [a L fdbulator, agent-n f fdbuldrl (see Fabulate) ] One who fabulates 01 relates fables , a story-teller
1604 Aberdeen Reg. 24 Oct (Spalding Club) II 264 He that happmms to be fabulatour, to bring his candill with him 1678 Cudworth Intell Syst 1. iv § 17 298 Looking upon this Orpheus, not as a meer Fanciful Poet and Tabu- lator 1701 Grew Cosih Sacta iy 111 170 An historical Point, which no Fabulator would have thought of, 1801 Strutt Sports fr Past hi 111 163 He desired the Tabu- lator to tell him longer stories 1841 D'Israeli Amen, Lit (1867) 72 The great then had fabulators or tale-tellers, as royalty has now its readers
Fabnle, obs var. Fable sb and v Fabulist (fie bi^list) [ad F. fabuhste, f. L fabula . see Fable sb. and -1ST ]
1 One wbo relates fables or legends ; a composer of apologues.
1593 Mundy Def Contraries 12 The fabulists feigned Acteon to be turned into a Hart 1682 Dudley Light to Paradise 93 Fortune, who by the fabulist, is represented with a great Complaint m her mouth upon that occasion 1757 Foote Author Prol„ The Grecian fabulist, in moral lay, Has thus address’d the wnteis of this day. 1835 Jolm- soniana 256 The fabuhsts frequently make the wolves con- verse with the lambs *874 Farrar Christ 45 The fabu- lists of Christendom, surround Christ’s boyhood with a blaze Of miracle
f b. A professional story-teller Obs,
1605 B Jonson Volpone 11 1, Stale Tabanne, the fabu- list 1698 R Fergusson View Eccles 84 The Sallanes of Buffoons, Fabuhsts or Revelers.
2 One who invents falsehoods.
1625 Br Hall Public Thanksgiving Wks 1837 V 220 Those bold Fabulists take a course to cast themselves into that pit, whence [etc.] 1794 Paley Emd 11 m (1817) 87 The mind of a forger or a fabulist 1836-7 Sir W Hamu - ton Metaph. (1877) I. in 47 The former [HeraclidesJ is confessed to have been an egregious fabulist 1841 D Is- raeli Amen Lit (1867)151 The most ingenuous of voyagers has been condemned as an idle fabulist
t Fabuli’stic, a, Obs raie-K [f prec + -10 ] Given to be a fabulist , devoted to the com- position of fables or apologues i$3* J Taylor (Water P ) Sir G Nortsence Wks. 11. 2/2 Esop, that old fabulisticke Phrygian.
f Fa’bttlize, ®. Obs. [f L fdbul-a Fable + -ize.] a tntr. To invent fables, b trans. To concoct, invent. C. To relate as legend : with sentence as obj. d To dress up as a fable
1-2
4
FACE
FABTJXOSE.
x6xa tr Benvenuto’s Passenger i i. § 19 71 Endlesly among themselves they fabulize, nourish the nustery 1633 T Adams Exp s Peter 1 16 They did but fabuhze an apish imitation of God’s truth 1738 G. Smith Cur. Relat II 530 The Persians fabulize in their Alcoran, that [etc ] 1818 G S Fablr Horse Mosaics I 251 It is utterly im- possible that it [the Pentateuch] could thus grossly have fabulized
Hence Fa bulized/// a Fa bulizing vbLsb . and ppl a
18x0 G S Faber Dispensations (1823) I 241 Their fabulized history 18x6 — Ong Pagan Idol I 31s The very wildest style of onental fabulizing Ibid II 502 The fabulizing monks of the holy sepulchre Ibid, III 334 A fabulizing martyrology
+ Fabulose, a Obs [ad. L fdbulos-us, f. fabula see Fable sb ] Fond of fables, myths, or enigmas, = Fabulous i
1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles m 76 They [the Cabalxsts] grew so vam and fabulose that [etc J Ibid 152 These^ fabulose Monkes mixe many of their own fantastic allegoric Fables therewith. 1727-36 Bailey, Fabulose, feigned, full of fables.
Fabulosity (fiebiwlp siti) [ad. F. fabulosite,
ad. L fdbulositat-em , f fabulosus • see prec ]
1. The quality of being fabulous ; fabulousness a Of persons* Fondness for narrating or inventing fables.
1599 Asp Abbot Descr World , Chaldea (1634) 112 In their [Chaldeans'] fabulositie they would report that they had Observations for live and twentie thousand years 1646 Sir T Browne Pseud Ep. 1 vi 23 The fabulositie of those times
b Of a composition, narrative, etc. Fabulous or mythical character , fictitiousness 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor 489 Some more civilly avoiding the fabulosity of this tale say [etc ] *678 Cud
worth Intell, Sysf 236 Plato doth but silly jear it, plainly insinuating the fabulosity thereof 1741 W arburton Div Legat II vi li 490 He supposed the fabulosity of that [Book of Job] concluded against the real existence of the Patriarch X777 Johnson in Mad D'Arllaf s Early Diary 27 Mar , There is not .much of the spirit of fabu- losity in this Fable
1 2, quasi -concr Something fabulous ; a fabu-
lous statement, fable. Obs.
r6ox Holland Pimp II 605 That posterity ensuing may yet be acquainted with their fabulosities x68x H More Exp Dan Pref 48 The ridiculous fabulosity of Enoch and Elias their coming again in the Flesh 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I Pref 8 These form historical matters of singular interest if they be investigated from facts in con- tempt of fabulosity
Fabulous (kebabs), a. [ad L. fdbulos- ns, f. fibula- see Fable sb. and -ous. Cf. F fa- bukux ,]
1 Of a person (or anything personified) . Fond of relating fables or legends, given to fabling Now only with sbs like l ustonan , chronicler , cf sense 3 1546 UnusEng Votaries 11 (issi)ioWherof the fabulous® poetes reporteth [Venus] to be engendered. 1591 Shaks 1 Hen, VI, u 111 18, 1 see Report is fabulous and false 1637 R Humphrey tr St Ambrose 1. 26 Aristotle holdeth Goa to bee no otherwise then the fabulous Poets have feigned, c 1650 Cowley Death Crashaw 28 Wanton as Girls, as old Wnes, Fabulous l 1805 N Nicholls m Corr with Gray (1843) 43 An author never fabulous except when he gave the relations of others. 1864 Burton Scot Abr I i. 2 Boece and our other fabulous chroniclers.
+ "b. Fond of listening to fables or stones. Obs 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie r. vu (Arb.) 30 The Clergy of that fabulous age 1669 Gale Crt. Gentiles 1. 1 11 is It was Plato's Customs to hide his choicest opinions, under the figure of some Fable lest he should displease the fabulous people,
2. Spoken of or celebrated in fable or myth, fabled, mythical [So L fabulosus ]
i6ox Holland Fluty I qi Atlas, the most fabulous moun- taine of all Afrtcke. 1887 Swinburne Locrme Ded. vui, Milton’s lips have made august the fabulous air.
3. Of a narrative Of the nature of a fable or myth, full of fables, unhistoncal, legendary Fabulous age, period, etc ; one of which the ac- counts are chiefly or entirely mythical.
1555 Eden Decades 215 Such thynges as haue byn wrytten of the places where they growe are all fabulous and false 1636 M Ben Israel Vind, fudaeorum in Phemx (1708) II- 401, 1 have seen a fabulous Narrative of the Proceedings of a great Council of the Jews 171a Philips Distrest Mother Pref , A Matter of Fact far removed into the dark and fabulous Ages 1776 Adam Smith W.N l xi I. 214 The story is in a great measure fabulous. 1855 H. Reed Led Eng Hist. 111. 78 The fabulous chronicles of those ages. 1873 Yeats Techn Hist Comm 60 The Chinese possess their fabulous and semi-historical periods.
4. Of alleged existences or facts . Belonging to fable, mythical, legendary.
*577-®7 Holinshed Citron I 121/1 Which because in the lodgement of the most it may seeme meere fabulous, we will omit and passe ouer 1644. Milton Areop 4 Those fabulous Dragon’s teeth *737 Chesterf, Whs. (1777) I 70 The fabulous birth of Minerva. 1833 Lyell Pnnc Geel III. 33a Tlie former existence gf the Atlantis of Plato -may be true in geology, although fabulous as an historical event 1875 Jowftt Plato (ed. 2) III. 69 Winged dragons and other fabulous monsters
T b Of a doctrine, error, or notion ; Based on or originating in fable or fiction Obs.
1602 Warnch A lb Eng. Epit (1612) 351 Our Histone auoideth not the suspition of some fabulous errours 1651 Hobbes Levtath iv. xliv 334 Their fabulous Doctrine concerning Damons, 1794 Paine (title), The Age of Reason, bemg an investigation of true ana of fabulous Theology.
5. a. Resembling a fable, absurd, ridiculous rare b Such as is met with only in. fable ; beyond the usual range of fact , astonishing, in- credible.
a *561 T Norton Calvin’s lust iv 50 How vayne and fabulous is it, to mdse the Cbirch alredy in euery part holy and spottlesse, wheiof all the members are spotty and very vncleane 1611 Tourneur A th 'Drag ixvt, Tush! these idle dreames Are fabulous x853 Brimley Ess 278 The
pretence is fabulous
b. 1609 Holland Amin Marcell . 228 With a fabulous and incredible multitude [L cum multitudme fabulosa], 1822-56 De Quincey Confess Wks I 234 faot-n , Accord- ing to the modern slang phrase, I had used ‘fabulous’ quantities [of opium] 1853 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life III mu 237 His [Daniel Webster’s] passion for fish is something fabulous 1857 Ld Houghton in Life (1891) II. xh 18 Houses let at fabulous rents. 1859 Macaulay W Pitt, Misc Writings (1889) 431 He found that the waste of the servants’ hall was almost fabulous.
Fabulously (fifi bi7?l3sli), adv [f prec. + -ly- ] In a fabulous manner or degree.
1 After the manner of a fable or fiction , as in a fable
159B Grenewxy Tacitus' Ann vi vn (1604) 131 These things are vncertaine and fabulously ^augmented 16x3 Selden Notes on Drayton's Polyolb vui (1622) 122 Giants
fabulously supposed begotten Dy spirits upon Dioclesian’s or Danaus’ daughters 1646 Sir T Browne Pseud Ep vt vi. 293 This they terme mythicon or fabulous, because the account thereof is fabulously or imperfectly delivered 1794 Sullivan Vie w Nat II. 467 The voyages, indeed, are fabulously narrated 1856 Lever Martins of Cro ' M 527 It would read fabulously enough
2 In deviation from the fact ; fictitiously, falsely
*593 Nokden Spec But,, M1 sex 1 36 As is (though as I take it) fabuloushe reported 1608 B Jonson Masque at Ld Hadiugtads Mai nage Induct Wks (16x6) 934 The place from whence, as I haue been, not fabulously, informed, the Radcllffes. tooke their name 1736 Leom Albertis A 1 chit I 39 b, A certain Spaniard was fabulously said to see the lowest Veins of Water that run under ground
3 To a fabulous degree , greatly, immensely
1845 S Austin Ranke’s Hist Ref II 347 His cruelties
have been fabulously exaggerated. Mod. He is reported to be fabulously wealthy
Fa bulousness, [f as prec + -ness ] The quality or state of being fabulous a. Of a person Fondness for fables, proneness to fiction or inven- tion b Of a narrative, etc. • Resemblance to a
fable , fabulous, fictitious or mythical chaiacter a x6xx CotgR , Fabulositi , fabulousnesse, th’ muention of lyes, tales, fables, or famed reports 1680 Dodwell Two Lett Advice (i6qx) 169 Their [the Rabbins’] notorious fabu- lousness 17x1 Brit Apollo III 2/1 The Fabulousness of the Poets 1775 Johnson W I si Scot, Wks X 329 His [Boethius’s] fabulousness, if he was the author of the fictions, is a fault for which no apology can be made b 1587 Golding De Momay xxa. 488 The fondness and fabulousness thereof appeereth in this 166a Stillingfl. Oi ig. Sacr 1 vi heading. The fabulousness of the Hero- lcal age of Greece 1702 Echard Eccl Hist in iv 386 He afterwards wrote two letters to show the fabulousness of the history of Susanna X807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I Pref 5 The ancient history of North-Bntam, whatever might be its fabulousness 1837 Arnold in Stanley Life $ Corr (1844) II via 101 To notice with a grave remark as to their fabulousness, the peculiar marvels of the stoi les
Faburden. Music Obs exc Hist Forms . 5 faburdon, -thon, -thyn, 6 fabouxdoun, (5 -7 faburthen, 6- faburden [a. F r. faux-bourdon (Ch D’ Orleans a 1466), 1 e.faux false + bourdon Boukdon 2.]
1. * One of the early systems of harmonizing a given portion of plain song or a canto fermo, aftei wards used as a term for a sort of harmony consisting of thuds and sixths, added to a canto fermo ’ (Stainer and Banetl)
14 . Chilston in Hawkins Hist Mus (1776) II. 228 Faburdun hath but two Mghtis, a thyrd aboue the plam- soug in sight, the which is a syxt fio the treble in uoice, and euen wyth the plain-song in sight, the wheche is an eyghth from the treble in uoise. [1482 W Wey I tin, n fKoxb ) 96 Cantabamus in honore Dei et beate Marie Magnificat, in faburthon, 1484 Visitations of Is out Jewell Minster (Camden) 46 In cantando faburdon non servat ntum chon ] 1501 Douglas Pal Hon. 1 xlu, In modula- tion hard I play and sing Fabourdoun, pricksang, dtscant 1539 Will J Robyitson (Somerset Ho.), Preestes whiche shall singe playn songe and faburden 1590 J Burel Queen’s Entry Edm xx in Collect Scot Poems 11 (1709) S Fabourdon fell with decadence, With pucksang, and the singing plane. 1597 Morley Introd AIus Annot , Here is an example, first the plainsong, and then the Faburden a 1789 Burney H 1st Mus. (ed 2) II u 139 What has since been called Counterpoint or in old English, Faburden
2 a The undersong , = Burden 9
1587 Gascoigne Flowers Wks. 94 When the descant sines m treble tunes above let fa burthen say below I liv’d and dide for love 1587 — - Ferdmando Y ij b, His mistresse liked to sing faburden under him 1609 Pammeha 70 The fourth must sing the Faburthen [Borne, borne on the first line of the stave] 1623 R. Tisdale Lawyer's Philos ., Sighing a sad faburthen from my quill To thy more nimble warbhngs.
b The refrain; Burden 10.
1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb 1 308 Least thou, come in againe with thy fa-burthen 1596 Nashe Saffian Walden K iv b, Hee was accustomed to make it the Fa burden to anme thing hee spake, a 1636 Fitz-Getfrat Bless Birthd (1881) 137 Be sure no better straine then this can be The sweet Faburthen, to their melodie.
3 A legend, motto
*S94 Nashe Unfort trav 52 On his target he had a number of crawling wormes kept \nder by a blocke, the faburthen speramus lucent 4. attnb quasi -ad] ? High-sounding,
1596 Lodge Wits Miserte 9 Mirabile, unraculoso, stu- pendo , and such faburthen words
t Fac (faek) Printing Obs [Short for Fac- totum.] = Factotum 2
1841 Savage Diet Art Printing 221 The next descent was for the letter-founders to cast the oinament 111 type metal, and pierce it for general use, and these cast orna- ments for letters were called Facs
Fac : see Fegsj
Fapa'dal, a. rai e [f. next + - al ] Of or per- taining to a fagade or fagades 1879 [Lingham] Science of lade v, 144 If a bye-law were made enforcing fagadal uniformity m other blocks
Facade (fasa d) [a F facade, f. face, after It. facciata, f. faccia Jack sb ]
I The face or front of a building towards a street or other open place, esp the principal front
i656-8x in Blount Glossogr 1717 Berkeley Tour m Italy Wks 1871 IV 534 We observed the fagades of many noble buildings 1756-7 tr Key sleds Trav (1760) II 397 The inner fagade was repaired by Bernini 1839 J. L Stephens Trav. Greece, etc 88/1 The fagade of the palace is unequalled 187a Browning Fifme cx, Shadow sucked the whole Fagade into itself b transf. and fig.
1845 Darwin Voy Nat , xvm (1852) 407 Beneath a fagade of columnar lava, we ate our dinner 1875 E Whiti Life m Christ hi xvm (1878) 230 The whole fagade of the Evan- gelical theology
II 2 (See quot.)
1796 Morse Amer Gcog I 754 Their estates [in Demerara] are regularly laid out m lots along the sea shore, called facades
Faccion, Faecious, obs ff. F action, Factious Face sb Also 4 faas, 4-5 fas(e, 5 faz. [a. Fr face, coiresp, to Pr fassa , It. faccia — popular Lat facia, altered form of facies fora, figure, appearance, hence face, visage, represented directly by Pr. fatz, Sp faz , haz, Pg. face The etymology of L facies is uncertain . some scholars refer it to facere to make ; others to the root fa- to appeal, shine (of fac-em torch)
The general sense ‘ form, appearance which in Latin was app the source of the moie specific use ‘ visage, coun- tenance ’, is in many of its Eng applications apprehended as a transferred use of the latter, and has received a special colouring from this association On this account the more restricted sense is here placed first ]
I 1 The front part of the head, from the fore- head to the chm ; the visage, countenance : a in man. (In Anat sometimes with narrowed sense, as excluding the forehead see quot. 1831 ) c 1290 ^ Eng Leg 169/2x78 More blod Jmr nas in al is face 1340 Hampole Pr Consc 772 Als a man waxes aide his face rouncles ay mare and mare, c X380 Sir Fcrumb 2460 Vp J>ey sterte euerechon , & be-held him on j xe fas 6 1400 Lanfranc's Cirwg 141 The secunde chapitle of woundes of Je face 1526 Pilgr Perf (W de W 1531) 3 My face thou may not se x6ox Shaks. Jut C ii. 1 75 Their Hats are pluckt about their Eares, And halfe their Faces buried m their Cloakes x66q Milton P. L 1 600 His face Deep scars of Ihunder had intrencht X707 Floyer Physic Pulse -Watch 374 Uneasiness from dry- ness and redness of the Face, 1759 Sterne Tr, Shandy 1 xxi, The least hint of it was enough to make the blood fly into his face 1762 Walpole Virtue’s Anecd Paint (1765) I. 11 24 Such pyramids on their heads, that the face became the center of the body 1831 JR. Knox Cloquet's Anat 93 The Face, properly speaking extends vertically from the upper edge of the nasal bones to the chin, b. m lower animals
*51)5 Coverdale fob xli 14 Who openeth the dore of his face V for he hath horrible tethe rounde abonte, x6xx Bible EzeJ. x 14 The face of a lion, and the face of an eagle- 1697 Dryden Virg Georg, iv. 532 His grim Face a Bull’s Resemblance bears. 1741 Chambers Cycl , Face, . some- times called bill, or beak , sometimes snout, etc 1784 Cow- mt Task v. 785 Brutes graze the mountain-top, with faces prone 1845 S Palmer Pentaglot Diet s v , The face of birds comprehends the ophthalmic regions, cheeks, temples, forehead, and vertex , — of insects, all the parts situated be- tw een the labrum and prothorax
c transf A representation of a human visage _ 1488 Ld Treas Acd Scot (1877)1 85 I tein, a ring with a face 1388 Shaks. L L. L, v, 11 649 He s a Painter, for he makes faces 1623 Wlbster Duchess of Malfi 111 m, That cardinal hath made more bad faces with his oppression than ever Michael Angelo made good ones 1716 Pope's Wks , Basset-Table 33 Upon the bottom [of an Equipage] shines the Queen's bright Face x8ox Sporting Mag XVIII 100 No face but his own ; a saying of one who has no money in his pocket, nor no court cards in his hand 1832 W Irving Alhambra I 111 Caived with fruits and flowers, inter- mingled with grotesque masks or faces 1855 JVIacaui ay Hist Eng III, 503 Walker had arrived in London JH.it, face was m every print shop
d. In popular names of plants, as Face and hood, Three (f two) faces in, under a (one) hood, the heart's-ease, pansy ( Viola tricolor') , Face-m-hood, the aconite ( Acomtum Napellus).
X548 Turner Nanus ff Hcrbes (E, D S ) 87 7 rmitaUs herba is called in english two faces in a hoode or panses. *56* Buli eyn Bk Simples 39 a, Paunsis, or three faces in onehodde. a 1700 B.E Diet Cant Ciew, Heaits-ease an Herb called Three Faces in a Hood or Pansies *77* li. Warnlr. Ptautce Woodford, 185 He.ut's-ease Three
FACE.
5
FACE
Faces under a Hood 1878-86 Britten & Holland Eng Plant-n , Face and Hood (Viola tricolor ) Ibid , Face-in- hood (Acomtum Napillus)
2. Phrases a + From face to foot =■ ‘from head to foot’ + To know no faces • to have no respect of persons. To have two faces : to be guilty of duplicity ; (of speech) to be ambiguous In same sense, f To bear 01 cany two faces under one hood c 147s Pol. Poems in Archxol XXIX 341 'two fases in a hode is neuer to tryst 156a J Heywood Pros) i$- Epigr (1867) 138 Thou berest two faces in one whood. 1580 North Plutarch (1676) 224 Icetes had carried two faces m one hood, and was become a Tiaytor. 1607 Shaks Cor u 11 112 From face to foot He was a thing of Blood Z633 Earl Manch A l Mondo (1636) 24 Disease and Death know no faces. 1887 Barrie Window m Thrums ig6 Persons whose speech had two faces
b To look {a person, etc ) m the face * to con- front, meet with a steady gaze that implies courage, confidence, or (sometimes) defiance ; also fig. To
shew one’s face . to put in an appearance, to appear lit and fig.
1537 Tkersites in HazI Dodsley I. 408 Appear, sir, I pray you, dare ye not show your face? 150X Norton & Sackv Gorboduc 1 1, Aurore for love or shame Doth long delay to show her blushing face 1566 Gascoigne, etc yocasta, 11 11, Boldly to looke our foetnen in the face, a x66z Heylin Laud n v, (1719) 20, 1 dare look Death in the Face, and I hope the People too 1706? Swift Wk w (1883) X 389 Where exiled wit ne’er shews its face. 1748 Richardson Clarissa. Wks 1883 V 56, I should be ashamed to show my face in public 1780 Cowper Tablc-t 32 1 When Tumult dared to look his master in the face 1841 Longf Village Blacksmith 11, He looks the whole world in the face, For he owes not any man 1863 Kingsley IVater-bab vi (t86g) 250 The fairy looked him full m the face 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq (1876)1 ut 1 18 Too clear to be misunderstood by anyone who looks the evidence in the face x88a Steven- son New Arab Nts (1884) 194 He never so much as showed face at a window
C In advb phr . Fate downwards ( foremost , i uppermost ), etc with the face in the direction indicated. (To fall ) face on = * face downwards ’ 1856 Leisure Ho V 332/1 He fell face on into the water d Face to (earlier and, -f for) face looking one another in the face ; also attnb Face to face with looking in the face of, confronting, lit and fig. To see face to (fiwitli) face . ‘ without the in-
terposition of other bodies ’ (J.), clearly
a 1300 Cursor M 23607 (Cott.) pair 101, pair gladdscip, qua can tell face wit face pat godd to se 1340 Aycnb 88 We him ssolle yzy face to face clyerlyche. a 1400-50 Alexander 357 Make pe to se pe same godo Sc pi selfe wakand Face to face all his fourme 1535 Stewart Cron Scot II. 255 The proud Pechtis face for face stude in thair fais sicnt 1576 Fleming Panopl Episl. 2 Of these matters we shall talke shortly face to face. 163a Lithgow Trav x 4go Sir Walter Aston spoke seriously face to face with him tnere-anent 1767 Gray in Corr N Nicholls (1843) 69, I am come to congratulate you face to face on your good luck. 1848 Macaulay ‘ Hist Eng I. 600 The two armies were now face to face. 1861 T A Trollope La Beat a I. vu 153 The painter and the customer might never come face to face after all 1864 Knight Passages Wrkg Life I. 1 105, I was to be face to face with great public things 1875 Manning Mission H Ghost ix 260 We shall see God face to face. 1879 Froude Cxsar 1 5 When we are face to face with real men attnb 1858 J. Martineau Stud Chr 172 We are liable to lose the solemn face-to face reality of the strife within us. 1864 J. H. Newman Apol 379 The face-to-face antagonist *865 Masson Rec Brit. Philos, iv 319 We possess an intuitive, or face-to-face knowledge of certain properties of matter.
e Mil. In words of command ; + Faces to the right , left, faces about = right, left, about face (cf Face v 9 b); also fig Hence, To turn face about, + again
*S98 B Jonson Ev Man in Hum. m i, Good Captayne, faces about, to some other discourse 1625 Markham Soul- diers Accid 20 Faces to the right hand Faces to the left Faces about, or Faces to Reare 163a J. Hayward tr Blond? s Eromena 77 He turned face againe with sword in hand 164a Lane Tracts (Chetham Soc ) 63 They turned faces about, and began to make head against us 1881 G. W Cable Mad Delphme vm 45 It had. .turned him face about from the way of destruction,
f. To throw , thrust, etc. (something) tn (a per- son’s) face lit. and fig
i6oa Shaks. Ham 11 11 599 Who calles me Villaine? breakes my pate a-ciosse? Pluckes off my Beard, and blowes it m my face ? c *645 Howell Lett (1655) iv. xxi 58 Who taints his soul may he said to throw dirt in Gods face. 1760 Gray Lett Wks, 1884 111 53 You see him [Sterne] ready to throw his periwig in the face of his audience. *833 Thackeray Esmoiui \ xiv, * I fling the words in your face, my lord.’ 1856 Mrs Browning Aur, Leigh 11 Wks VI 76 God, -thrusts the thing we have prayed for m our face 1884 Miss Braddon Isfu/iael xxxi, His success was cast 111 his face as a reproach,
g. In various Biblical Hebraisms. Before the face of', before, m advance of, in front of. To set one's face : to give a settled bearing or expression to the countenance, To put, set one s face against : to take up an attitude of determined hostility to- wards. To set (one's) face + for , to, towards . to take, etc. the direction of (a place) , fig. to pur- pose, take the fiist steps to, towards.
a 1300 Cursor M 22737 (Cott ) Be for be face o bat kaiser angels sal his baner here 01325 Metr Horn g, I send my messager Bifor thi face thi woid to ben a 1340 Hampole
Psalter xvii 46, 1 sail lessbaim as dust bifore be face of wynd 1388 Wvclif Lev xx 3 Y schal •-ette faste [1382 pulte] my face a3ens hyin 1333 Covkruale Mark 1 2, 1 sende my mes* saunger before thy face [So in 1611 and x88x ] x6xx Bibll Gen xxxi. 21 He . set his face toward the mount Gilead
— 2 Kings xn 17 Hazaet set his face to goe vp to lerusalem
— Isa 1 7 Iherefore haue I set my face like a flint. 1624 Bp. Hall Rent Wks. (1660) xi Set your faces against a whole faction of vice 163* Lithgow Trav x 493, I set face from Court for Scotland 1664 Etheredge Com. Re venge iv vu, Set thy face then , let me not see the remains of one poor smile. 178X Cowper Expost 437 The poorest of the flock Are proud, and set their faces as a rock, 1827 Scott Jrnl. (1890) II 21, I can set my face to it boldly a 1862 Buckle Civiltz (1873) III v. 469 The first duty of every one is to set his face m direct opposition to what he believes to be false 1862 Lowell Bigloao P. Poems i8go II 326 It's high time to be settin’ our faces To- wards reconstructin' the national basis. 1884 Tunes (weekly ed ) 3 Oct 14/2 We set our faces to the South
3. Viewed with reference to beauty. + To be in face : to be looking one’s best (cf to be m voice )
■f Full of face . ? beautiful (but perh the meaning is = * full faced, florid ’).
In the A V only in the Apocrypha; the translators of the canonical books always use ‘ countenance ' in this con- nexion
159X Shaks Two Gent 111. 1 103 Say they haue Angells faces 1608 — Per, 1 Induct , A female heir, So buxom blithe, and full of face x6xx Bible Judith xi si There is not such a woman from one end of the earth to the other for beautie of face 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 1 70 Some nymphs there are, too conscious of their face 1773 Goldsm StooPs to Conq 1 1, Is it one of my well-looking days child? am I in face to day ? 1842 Tennyson Sisters 2 She was the fairest m the face, 1851 Procter (Barry Cornwall) Songs lxxxm 3 No wealth had she of mind 01 face lo wm our love, or raise our pride.
4 With reference to its position in the front of the body, or as the part presented to encounter In many phrases, some of which merely express the notion of confronting or opposition, without any reference to the lit sense Cf 2 d a. To meet (a person) in the face . to confront directly To have the luind in one's face ; lit and fig. To shut the door mfiupon (a peisonVjfaftf; lit and fig c 1430 Lydg Bochas 1 x (1344) is b. She made her ordi- naunce With Zisara to meten 111 the face 163a Lithgow Trav vu 303 The Venetian Factoi shutting his gate vpon my face xyro Brit Apollo III 3/1 When th’ Wind’s in your Face, Your Wit grows apace a. 1732 T Boston Crook in. Lot (1805) 17 People ply their business with skill and industry, but the wind turns 111 their face X768 Sternl Sent Joum Wks 1885 II 640 "I is shutting the door of conversation absolutely m his face 18x8 Byron yuan 1 clxiv, The door was fasten'd m his legal face 1B88 Brycl Amer Comma, I xiv 193 Seldom meeting them m the face or reaching a decision which marks an advance Mod A horse runs well with the wind m his face.
b. To fly in the face of (a. person, etc ), lit. of a dog ; fig to act in direct opposition to x533 T Wilson Rhet (1580) 203 Lette hym have his will, and he will file in thy face t6io Bp Hall Apol Bravmists § 13 Let him shew them a Cudgel!, they file in his face 1689 Tryal Bps 133 Shall he come and fly in the Face of the Prince ? shall he say it is illegal ? 1749 F ielding Tom yones 111 vm, Thackum held, that this was flying tn Mr. Allworthy’s face. 1752 in Scots Mag (1733) Oct. 494/1 It was flying m the face of the legislature itself. 1876 E Fitzgerald Lett (1889) I 379 He has been apt to fly m the face of some who courted him x8gx Nation xo Dec 440/2 He had to fly in the face of adverse decisions
c In {the) face of: (a) in front of, directly op- posite to ; ( b ) face to face with, when confronted with , (c) in defiance of, in direct opposition to, notwithstanding
(a) 1766 T Page A rt Shooting 36 When a bird comes directly in your face, Contain your fire awhile 1879 Dowden Southey 14 He was for the first time in face of the sea
(b) 1871 Smiles Charac li (1876) 36 In the face of bad example, the best of precepts are of but little avail 1883 Daily News 31 Oct 5/2 Not a man would seriously advise withdrawal in the face of a Chinese invasion X885 Manch Exam 3 June 3/3 The difficulty of keeping up wages in the face of a drooping market
(0) 2837 B’ness Bunsen in Hare Life I x 461 They now assert here, in the face of facts, that the cholera has ceased 1848 Macaulay Hist Eng II 276 They were convicted in the face of the letter and of the spirit of the law 2885 Manclt Exam, 29 Oct, 3/3 Plans, persevenngly carried out in the face of many discouragements
d To make face to: to offer resistance to. tare, after Fr faire face a
1829 W. Irving Conq Granada, x (1850) 74 The king and his commanders made face to the Moors . repelling all assaults,
5 Contextually equivalent to : Sight, presence In various phrases . a, To fear, flee from, etc the face of
a 1300 Cursor M. 953 (Cott,) 3ee sal be flemed fra mi face c *325 Metr Horn. 86, I salle be flemid awaye Fra Goddes faz, til pin of helle, x6xx Bible Gen xxxv. 1 Thou fleddest from the face of Esau 2782 Cowper Retirement 768 Judah’s promised king Driven out an exile from the face of Saul
b Before or tn the face of. before the eyes of, in the sight of. 'Before faces in the public view, m company.
a 1300 Cursor M 10460 (Giitt ) Bot i him saw bifore mi face? c 1380 Sir Ferumb X92 pe man y trist an most for- sake)? me at my uede, & drajp js swerd bi-fore my fas, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 846 pat bad grace. Ana loue before ]xe bischope face? 153a More Cou/ut, Tindale Wks.
532/1 Ye shoulde see the whole summe and effecte of this tale before your face layed together. 1632 Lithgow ’1 rav vm 370 The Prince causing euery one of them to recite the praise of Mahomet before his lace a 1656 Bp Hall Rem Wks (1660) 248 Even the most carelesse boyes will be affraid to offend in the face of the monitor 2659 B Harris Parma? s Iron Age 292 Arras, was taken . before the face of thirty thousand men 1760 Goldsm Cit W xvm. 3 A new-mairied couple more than ordinarily fond before faces
c. To (a person’s) face : openly in his sight 01 hearing (implying frankness, effiontery or inde- corum)
1353 T Wilson Rhet (1580) 188 You gave him a frumpe even to his face 1590 Shaks Com. Err 1 1 91 Wilt thou flout me thus vatu mv face 2 1638 Baklr tr Balzac’s Lett
I 232, I will not tell you to >our face, that you are the Chrysostome of our Church 1667 Denham Direct Paint
II vi 19 Men that there pick his pocket to his face 1781 Cowper Expost 283 Thy very children curse thee to thy face 1848 Macaulay Hist Eng II 638 Shaip read to their faces the whole service as it stood in the book Mod. He does not like to be praised to his face
d In the face of; m the sight or hearing of, in the presence of Also fig. In the face of the sun , of day, etc openly 1398 Trhvisa Barth De P R 11 v (1495) 31 Angels beji stable m the face of god. 1540 A ct 32 Hen VIII, c 38 f? 2 Manages contracte and solemnised in the face of the church a 16x8 W Bradshaw in Spurgeon Treas Dav Ps. xc 8 Sms committed 111 deepest darkness are all one to him as if they were done m the face of the sun 2711 Addison Sped. No 112 r 7 Pray for him in the Face of the whole Congregation 1769 Blaciistone Comm IV 283 If the contempt be committed in the face of the court, the offender may be instantly apprehended and imprisoned 1773 Mad D’Arblay Early Diary July, She does this in the fair lace of day 1845 M Pattison Ess (1889) I 19 You will forfeit, 111 the face of all men, the character of faithful ministers of God 1858 Buckll Cvuittz (1873) II vm s°9 They broke open private houses m the face of day 1875 Jowett Plato (ed 2) I 164 You proclaim m the face of Hellas that you are a Sophist.
0 The countenance as expressive of feeling or character; a countenance having a specified ex- pression.
0x330 Arth <5- Merl 1138 So grethche sche awondred ■was That hir chaunged blod and fas, 1576 Fleming Panopl Epist. 357 They with a smiling face promise us their Benevolence, i6xx Shaks Cymb 1 1 13 They weare their faces to the bent of the kings lookes x6xx Bible Ezra, ix 7 For our iniquities have we .bin dehuered to con- fusion of face x6xz Webster White Devil 111 1, It would do well, instead of looking-glasses, To set one’s face each morning by a saucer Of a witch’s congealed blood 16x4 Bp. Hall Recoil Treat 6x6 And all this with a face of sad pietie and stern mortification 1676 Etheredge Matt of Mode iv 1, I hate the set face that always looks as it would say, Come, love me 1843 Macaulay Lake Regillus xu. With haggard face to his last field he came.
b- To make, pull a (crooked, pitiful, wty , etc ) face • to distort the features. Hence the sb is used colloq for : A grimace 1570 North Dam’s Mor Philos (1888) III 184 The oore Birde when he saw hir make that face to him was alfe afraide 1602 Shaks Ham. m n 263 Leaue thy damnable Faces, and begin 1604 Middleton Father Hubbnrdts T Wks (BuIIen) VIII 72 The fantastical faces he corned in the receiving of the smoke 1605 Shaks Macb in iv 67 Why do you make such faces? 17x3 Steele Englishman No 7 47 He will make Faces at the Burgun dian Grape 1856 Reade Never too late xiv, I shall pull a long face 1873 Dixon Two Queens 111 xiv vui 113 The almoner made no faces at a dance *888 Mrs H Ward R Elsmere II 11. xviu, ‘The adjective is excellent*, she said with a little face 1890 G M Fenn Double Knot I 1 71 Making what children call ‘ a face’, by screwing up her mouth ana nose
7 Command of countenance, esp with reference to freedom from indications of shame, a ‘bold front ’ ; impudence, effrontery, ‘ cheek ’ + To put
out of face to put out of countenance To + bear, have the face to he sufficiently impudent 1537 Tkersites in Hazl Dodsley I 401 He beareth not the face With me to try a blow 1552 Bk Com Prayer Communion, With what face then, or with what coun- tenaunce shal ye heare these wordes? x6ox Shaks Jell. C, v 1. 11 Thinking by this face. To fasten in our thoughts that they haue couiage. 1607 — Cor iv vi. 1x6, I haue not the face To say, beseech you cease, 1654 Warren Un- believers 85 He a man of that face and fore-head 1719 De Foe Crusoe ( 1840) II vi 148 With what face can I say anything 7 1735 Pore Frol Sat. 36 To be grave, exceeds all Powx of face, 1760 Goldsm. Cit W (1840) 140 None are more blest with the advantages of face than Doctor Franks 2821 Sir J. D Paul Rouge et Noir 45 Vice itself affects propriety That puts your vulgar virtue out of face 2852 Longf Gold Leg, Village Church, I wonder that any man has the face To call such a hole the House of the Lord. 2865 Carlyle Fredk Gt V xiv v 2x8 The new Kur- Mainz conscious of face sufficient x8go Spectator 1 Nov , What an amount of ' face * it argues in him.
b To \ push or show a face • to exhibit a bold front To run one's face '.(US. slang ) to obtain credit by impudence
1758-65 Goldsm, Ess vm, There are three ways of getting into debt first, by pushing a face 1827 Scott yrnl. (1890) II 6 They might have shown a face even to Canning 1862 Lowell Btglow P Poems 1890 II 286 Men that can run their face for drinks, an’ keep a Sunday coat
II. Outward form, appearance.
8. External appearance, look; also semblance of (anything) Formerly used both of material and immaterial objects ; now rare except of imma-
FACE,
6
FACE.
tenal objects in such phrases as To adopt , carry, put on a {the) face of. + (To carry ) a great face : an appearance of importance. + To have a face : to have an appearance, give promise of success c 1381 Chaucer Pari Femes 317 As Aleyn, in the Pleynt of Kynde, Devyseth Nature of aray and face c 1394 P PI Crede 670 pei schulden nou3t after }>e face neuer be folke demen 1313 More m Grafton Chrott II 762 His part should have the face and name of a rebellion 1565 Jewel Def Apol (1611) 137 This tale hath some face of truth 1631 Weever Anc Fun. Man. 771 Monuments which beare any face of comelinesse or antiquity 1674 R. God- frey Inj $ Ab Phystc Pref, That is a thing carries a great face with it 1692 R L’Estrange Josephus' Antiq iv vi (1733) 88 There was hardly any Face left of the Order, Piety and Devotion of former Times. *754 Hume Hist Eng I xvi 395 France began gradually to assume the face of a regular civil government. 1760 Foote Minor 1 Wks. 1799 I 247 Pillory me, but it has a face, 1763 Choicer, etc Diet Arts <5- Sc , Face of Plants , among botanists., signifies their general appearance 178a Wesley Wks (1872) XIII 419 It carries, no face of probability. 18*7 Scott Ji nl (1800) II. 35 Cadell explained to me a plan for securing the copyright of the novels, which has a very good face, i860 H Gouger 2 Years’ Im- pruontn Burtnak 41, 1 professed my ignorance of the touch of gold and the face of silver 1863 Bushnell Vicar Sacr 1 (1866) 5 Vicarious is a word that carries always a face of substitution 1888 Bryce A mer Comiiiw III xcvasdThe problems of the world, are always putting on new races b f At prime face = "L pmna fane ; at , in, on the first face * at the first appearance or look, at first sight.
c 1374 Chaucer Troy lies 111, 870 This accident was so lyke a soth, at prime face 1430 Lydg Chron Troy li sail, At pryroe face, whan he came to towne *363 T Gale Antidot Pref 2 Although it seeme harde at the firs>t face, yet folow thou styll die counsell 1596 Dalrymple ti Leslie's Hist Scot (1885) 7 Naitur schawes furth Bntannie all that it has at the first face 1641 Shirley Cardinal ux 11, Though at the first Face of the object your cool bloods were frighted 1810 Syd Smith Wks (1859) I 192/1 A narrative, which, on the first face of it, looked much like truth, 1826 £ Irving Babylon I ir. 120 In the very first face and showing of the thing.
He. = Phase (perb. confused with that word)
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud Ep vi. i 378 In what face or position of the Moone, whether at the prime or full, or soone after X71X Shaftesb Charac 11 v (1737) II 322 This was not a Face of Religion I was like to be enamour’d with.
9 Visible state or condition ; aspect To put a new face upon : to alter the aspect of
1587 Harrison England 11 v (1877) x no To stirre up such an exquisite face of the church as we imagine 1392 Davies Immort, Soul Introd xxxv, The Face of outward Things we find. Pleasing and fair. 1614 Br Hall Recoil Treat, 6g4 Wee may reade Gods displeasure on the face of heaven *638 Baker tr Balzac’s Lett I 8 Lyvie stayed not a little to consider the new face he would have put upon the Commonwealth 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 19 The Face of London was now indeed strangely alter’d 1781 Hist Em ope m Ann. Reg 24/2 The arrival of so many ships caused a newface of affairs. x8aoW Irving Sketch Bk I 215 A pensive quiet reigns over the face of nature 1848 Macaulay Hist Eng, I 284 The traces left by ages of slaughter and pillage were still distinctly perceptible, in the face of the country
b Of a country : The configuration ; assem- blage of physical features. Also, t a description of the same
1673 Temple Obseru United Prov Wks 1731 I 43 Changes made in the Face and Bounds of Maritime Coun- tries by furious Inundations *68* Cotton Wond Peak (ed 6) 309, I almost believ’d it, by the Face Our masters give us of that unknown place. 1779-81 Johnson L. P , Addison Wks, III. 47 Comparisons of the present face of the country with the descriptions left us by the Roman
foets 1792 Gouv Morris in Sparks Life <$■ Writ (1832) I. 236 The military face of that country is understood with perfect exactness 1830 Jephson Bnttany vu 78 The sun shone outj and I could observe the face of the country. 10 Outward, show; assumed or factitious ap- pearance , disguise, pretence ; an instance of this ; a pretext Also, + To make a (good, great ) face , to set a face on + To interpret (words') to wicked face , to put a bad construction upon. Now only in To put (formerly bear out, set) a good face on (a matter) to make (a matter) look well , to assume or maintain a bold bearing (with regard to).
138a Wyclik 2 Cor v, 12 Hem that glonen in the face [so Tindale; 1611 and 1881 appearance], and not in the herte c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix, 22.7 Lete vs . here oute a good face as longe as we ten alyve. 1333 Bellen* den Livy iv (1823) 377 He interpret thir wourdis ofPos- thumius to sa wikkit face, that the said Posthumius suld be odius .to the hale ordoure 1333 More Apol xlvu Wks 920/2 In some place of the same dyoces . they haue made a great face, 1542-5 Bhinklow Lament 9 b, The pore forgotten, except it be with a few scrappes and bones, sent to Newgate for a face! 1568 Grafton Citron II 265 They made good face and shewe to fight with the Englishe men 1377 tr, Ballinger's Decades (1592) 95 Many haue the skill . . to make a face as though, they loued them [fnendsj. 1590 H. Smith Wks (1867) II. 309 If thou have no cunning, but set a face on things, then take heed how you adjure these spirits 1647 N. Bacon Disc Goat Eng, 1. lx. (1739) xi8 [He! never invaded the liberties of the Commons by any face of Prerogative a 1680 Butler Rem (1759) 1 278 They, set a Face of civil Authority upon Tyranny. 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 3S The very Court put on a Face of just Concern for the publick Danger 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks, 1883 VIII xto That she may set the better face upon her gestation. 1887 Frleman
Harm, Conq (1876) I iv 231 Richer puts as good a face as he can on Hugh’s discomfiture
III. The part of a thing presented to the eye IX. The surface or one of the surfaces of any- thing
a. gen Chiefly m phrases orig Hebraistic, The face of the earth , the deep , the waters 1340 Hampole Pr, Consc 4892 pe face of J>e erth sal brin with-out 1382 Wyclif Gen vu 3 That the seed he sauyd vpon the face of al erthe 1333 T Wilson Rhet (1580) 176 All menne, dispersed throughout the face of the yearth x6xx Bible Gen 1 2 Darkenesse was vpon the face of the deepe and the Spirit of God mooued vpon the face of the waters, 1632 Lithgow Trav m 102 The Women of the Citty S10, are the most beautifull Dames upon the face of the earth 1663 Hooke Microgr 88 When there has been a great hoar-frost the Crystalline beard usually covers the face of bodies 1698 Keill Exam, Th Earth (1734) 140 That great Deluge ofwaters which overflowed the Face of the whole Earth 1791 Ess is hooting (ed 2)230 If he is clad m a glaring colour, when the face of the country retains its verdure 1887 Frith Autobiog I 1 3 Such schools being improved off the face of the earth ■f b. Of a leaf in a book : — Side. Obs ci 373 Fulke Confut Doctr Purgatory (*577) 5, I will come to the third leafe and second face 1379 — Refit Rastel 730 From the first face of the 64 leafe to the seconde face of the 47 leafe
f e. Astrol. The third part of a sign of the zodiac, extending over 10 degrees in longitude See also quot. 1819 Obs 1426 Pol Poemst, 1859) II 139 His dwellyngplace Ameddis the hevene m the tnrid face 1387 Golding De Momay xxxiv 543 The Moone was in the first face of Virgo 1832 Massinger City Madam 11 11, She in her exaltation, and he in his tnplicite trine and face *8*9 J Wilson Diet Astrol 96 A planet is m its face when it is at the same distance from the Q or ) &*> lts house is from their houses, and in the same succession of signs
12. The principal side (often vertical or steeply inclined) presented by an object; the 'front’ as opposed to the * flanks ’ a Of a cliff, etc. , also Geol of a fault : The front or slope.
1632 Lithgow Trav vi 290 A goodly Village situate on the face of a fruitfull hill Ibid ix 423 Wee Coasted the scurrile and Rockey face of Norway 1731 R Paltock P Wilkins (1884) II xvm 203 Along tne whole face of the rock there were archways. 1828 Scott F M Perth xiv. The tree had sent its roots along the face of the rock in all directions. 1839 Murchison Silur Syst 1 xxxvi 503 As the face of this fault sinks to the west i860 Tyndall Glac 1 xi 75 Our way now lay along the face of a steep incline of snow. 1863 Gosse Land fy Sea (1874) 388 A noble precipice, rising with a rough face almost perpen- dicularly from the water’s edge b Arch (a) The front or broadside of a build- ing ; the ' fayade ’. (b) The surface of a stone ex- posed in a wall (c) The front of an arch showing the vertical surfaces of the outside row of vonssoirs 1611 Bible Ezek. xli. 14 The bredth of the face of the house, and of the separate place toward the East, an hun- dreth cubites 1624 Wotton Archit in Reliq Wotton {1672) 17 The Face of the Building is narrow, and the Flank deep 1664 Evelyn tr Freart's Archit 132 [The Archi- trave] is also frequently broken into two 01 three divisions, call’d by Artists Fascias or rather plain Faces 1765 Cro- ker, etc Diet Arts <5- Sc , Face, in archit , the front of a building, or the side which contains the chief entrance Face of a stone, in masonry, that superficies of it which lies in the front of the work. 1848 Rickman Goth Archit. 20 The cornice of this order, in Greece, consisted of a plain face, under the mutule 1862 Trollope Orley F 1 (ed 4) 6 The face of the house from one end to theother was covered with vines and passion flowers 1874 Knight Diet Mech , Face (Carpentry), the front of a jamb presented towards the room *870 Gwilt Archit Gloss, Face of a stone, the face intended for the front or outward side of the work.
13. a Of anything having two sides . The side usually presented outwards or upwards ; the 1 front ’ as opposed to the ' back ’ , the * right ’ side of cloth.
i6n Bible Isa. xxv. 7 He wil destroy in this mountaine the face of the couenng cast ouer all people 1820 Keats Cap <5- Bells xxx ix 1 1 They kiss’d the carpet's velvet face 1831 G R, Porter Silk Manttf 237 Diagonal lines across the face of the cloth 1874 Boutell Arms $ Arm vi 80 The hollow under the face of the boss was open towards tne re- verse of the shield. 1876 Encycl Brit IV. 137 That part of the anther to which the filament is attached and which is generally towards the petals, is the back, the opposite being the face. 1883 Sir E Beckett Clocks, etc 146 The face of a wheel which turns in a gear 1888 C P Brooks Cotton Manuf 127 The face of the card or the side which is m contact with the needles
b Of a coin or medal • The obverse ; that which bears the effigy, sometimes used for either side Hence in slang use * A com (? obs ) e i5*5 Cocke Lorelles B (Percy Soc ) 13 Some wente in fured gownes . That had no mo faces than had the mone *3®® Shaks L L L v 11 617 The face of an old Roman come, a 170a B E Diet Cant Crew, Nare-a-face-but-7us 07o»i, not a Penny in his Pocket 1723 New Cant Diet Neer-a-face 176a Gent l Mag. 22 The face of this dye is truly antick Ibid 23 The face [of a coin] should have a resemblingbust of his majesty, 1836 Smyth Roman Family Coins 233 The portrait on the other face of the medal
c. Of a document : The inscribed side. Hence On, upon the face of( a document, etc ) : m the words of, in the plain sense of Also Jig 163a Lithgow Trav vi. 288 Their Great Seale locked in vpon the lower face of the Parchment 1641 Bp Hall Rem, Wks, (1660) 80 Every novelty carries suspicion in
the face of it 1719 F Hare Ch A nthonty Find Pref 8 The power and authority of the Ministers as it appears upon the face of Scnptuie 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks 1883 VIII 186 An unprejudiced eye, upon the face of the letter, would condemn the writer of it 1817 W Selnvyn Law Nisi Pruts (ed 4) II 1248 It ought to appear on the face of the plea, that [etc ] a 183a Blntham Ess Lang Wks 1843 VIII 327 Of the history of language, no inconsiderable part remains to this day written upon the face of it.
d. Of a playing card. The marked or picture side
c 164s Howell Lett (1891) 1 m xxxii, The King never shews his game, but throws his cards with their faces down on the table
e. Of a dial , The surface which bears the hour marks, etc. Of a clock or watch . The dial plate (perh. with allusion to the human face)
[1731 R Paltock P Wilkins (1884) II xix. 218 If I ask it [a watch] wiiat time of day it is, I look but m its face, and it tells me presently ] 1787 Columbian Mag l 329/1 The
face of the dial will be pai allel with the plane of the equatoi 1837 Mrs Carlyle Lett I 87 Not watches so much as lockets with watch faces. 1840 Barham Ingot. Leg , Look at the Clock, ' Grandmother’s Clock I ’ nothing was altered at all— but the Face 1 1838 O W Holmes A ut Break/ -t ix (1891) 2ri He looked at the face of the watch,— said it was getting into the afternoon 1877 Mrs Moli sworn 11 Cuckoo Clock (1801) 41 Some brilliant moonbeams lighted up brightly the face of the clock 1892 N Y Nation 23 June 474/3 A volume without an index resembles a clock- face without any hands
f Of a book . The front or fore-edge.
1876 Encyd Bnt IV 43/1 After the face [of a book] has been ploughed the back springs back into its rounded form
14 Each of the surfaces, of a solid In a rcgulai solid, a crystal, diamond, etc * Each of the bound- ing planes.
1623 m Rymer Ftvdci a XVIII 236 One Aggett cutt with twoe Faces garnished with Dyamonds *750 D Jliiiih s 7 rant Diamonds Pearls, Expl. Tech, Terms, Collet tile small horizontal plane, or face, at the bottom of the Brilliant 1853 Bain Senses <5- Int 11 11 (j 11 A crystal with cut faces 1863 Huxlly Man’s Place Nat 11 80 The oc- cipital foramen of Mycetes is situated completely in the posterior face of the skull. 1873 Dawson Dmvn oj Life vu (1875) 188 Crystalline faces occur abundantly m many undoubted fossil woods and corals. 1878 A. H Grli n Coal 1 27 The faces of the block of coal on these sides are smooth and shining 1884 Bowlh & Scott De Fury's f turner Ferns 177 The lateral faces are covered thickly with sieve-plates
15 In implements, tools, etc. : The acting, striking, or working surface In a molar tooth The grinding surface. In a knife : The edge
1703 Moxon Meth E.xcn 4 In Fig. 5 A the Face [of a hammer]. 1791 Ess, Shooting (ed 2) 345 The face of the hammer [of the gun] may be too hard or too soft 1867 Smyth Sailor's Wotd-bk , Face, the edge of a sharp instrument 187a Huxley Phys vi 143 The face of the grinding teeth and the edges of the cutting teeth, 1874 Knight Diet Mech , Face 4 b, the sole of a plane Ibid , Face (Gearing), that part of the acting surface of .t cog which projects beyond the pitch line. Ibid , Face (Grinding), that portion of a lap or wheel which is employ ed m grinding, be it the edge or the disk, 1888 Lockwood's Diet Terms Midi Eng 133 The face of an anvil is its upper surface
18 An even or polished surface.
x88x Medianu. § 449 Where one piece [of glass] is ground against another to bring them to a face x888 Lockwood's Did, Terms Mech Eng 133 The face of a casting is that surface which is turned or polished IV. Technical uses
17 Fortification, a (see quot 1727), b (see quot 1859, and cf Bastion)
a 1489 Caxton laytes of A 11 xiv 118 A proper place muste be ordeyned atte euery face of the walks for to sctlc gonnes 1672 Lacly tr 7 acquct’s Milt t Archit, 111 4 The face which is the weakest part of the fortification, is defended by [etc] 1727 Bailey, Face of a Place is the Front, that is comprehended between the flanked Angles of the two neighbouring Bastions x8oo Wellington m Guiw Disp 1. 190, 1 attacked it [Dummul] in three places, at the gate- way and on two faces 1849-30 Alison Hist Europe Vi II xhx § 24 27 The efforts had been Sirected against the northern face of the fortress of Scnngapatam 1879 Cas- sell s Teckn Educ IV 138/1 The Raponiers arc situated in the middle of each long face b 1676 Loud Gas No 1119/3 About Noon, a Mine 111 a Face of the same Hornwork took Fire x8x8 Jas Mill Brit India II v v. 478 Having made a breach in one of the bastions [we] destroyed the faces of the two that were adjacent. 1839 F. A Griffiths Arid Man (ed 9) 261 The faces of a work are those parts which form a salient angle projecting towards the country
18 Mil (See quot. 1853.)
1833 Stocqueler Mil Encycl 701 The faces of a square are the different sides of a battalion, &c, which, when formed into a square, are all denominated faces, viz, the front face, the right face, the left face, and the rear face 1883 Tunes (weekly ed ) 23 Jan 3/r This face had not quite closed up before it was attacked.
19 Ordncmce * The suiface of metal at the muzzle of a gun ’ (Knight)
1727 Bailey, Fate of a Gun is the Superficies of the Metal at the Extremity of the Muzzle. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word bk
20 Mining a. ' In any adit, tunnel, or slope, the end at which work is progressing or was last done ’ (Raymond Mining Gloss.)
A 1708 J C Compl Collier (1845) 4 6 They frequently hole, or cut through from one Board to another, to carry their Air . to the end or Face of their Boards 1867 W W.
PACE.
r
FACE
Smyth Coal <$ Coal Mining 131 Supporting the roof at the immediate * face ’ by temporary pi ops x888 F Hume Mad. Midas 1, v, They visited seveial other faces of wash Each face had amra worl mg at it, sometimes two
b ‘ The principal cleaving-plane at nght angles to the stratification {Driving) on the face against or at right angles with the face’ (Raymond Mining Gloss ) Face on (see quot *1883)
1867 W W Smyth Coalfy Conl-mimng 25 Faces, running most legularly parallel. 1878 Huxley Phystogr 338 The direction along which these joints run is often known as the face of the coal. 1883 W S Grfsley Gloss Terms Coal-mtntug 99 Face on working a mine parallel to the cleat or face
21 Steam-engine The flat part of a slide-valve ; also, the corresponding flat part on a cylinder, on which the slide-valve travels
1838 Wood Railr 346 The slide would be moved to the extremity of the face of the cylinder 1874 in Knight Diet. Mech
22 Typog That part of a type (or punch) which has the form of the letter Also, The printing surface of type Face of the page . (see quot.) Full face {type) : as large as the body of the type will admit of Heavy face {numerals or type) . having a broader outline, and printing thicker than the ordinary Old face {type) . a form of Roman letter (characterized by oblique ceriphs and various othei features) levived by Whittingham in 1844, and since very extensively used
1683 Moxon Mech Exercises II 201 So placed the Face of the Lettei runs less hazzaid of receiving dammage r6gg A Boyer Eng 4 Fr Did s v , A letter that has a good face (among printers), nn caractlre qm a un bel ceil 1787 Printer's Gram 41 Kerned Letters are such as have part of their Face hang over 1824 J Johnson Typogt II 21 Short letters are all such as have their face cast on the middle of their square metal 1853 C ax ton 4 Art of Printing vn. 155 One of the heap winch lies 111 the right position, both as legards the face being upwards, and the mck being outwards 1871 Amer Encycl Printing 167/2 Face of the page, the upper side of the page, from which the mipiession is taken *875 Ure Did Arts III 1049 In this metal the face of the letter intended to be cast is sunk 1891 J Winsor C Columbus x\i 324 The heavy face numerals show the successive holders of the honors of Columbus 1892 N Y Nation 23 Feb 155/3 The page is divided into triple columns, and the leading word of each column is m full-face
+ 23 Card playings face card (see 27) Obs
1674 Cotton Compl Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 347 If you have neither ace nor face, you may tnrow up your game
24: Teatiade (See quot) Cf Facie v 15;
1886 Chamber t Encycl IX 323 Prussian blue, native indigo and gypsum are the real materials employed for giving the ' face ’ as it is called
+ 25 A face of fur • * a set of furs. Cf Face v. i 2.
1562 Heywood Epigrams 1 Iv, Cheepemng of a face of furre Into a skinners shop m hast ran a gentilman there to espie A fayre face of fur, which he woulde haue bought V attnb and Comb.
26 General relations . a attributive (sense 1), as face-cosmetic, -sponge ; (sense 12b), as, face-mor- tar, -work, (sense 13a), ns, face-side \ (sense 20), as face-line b objective (sense 1), as face- levellwg, -tearing vbl sbs., face-mending, -wring- ing, ppl a , face-mender , -moulder , (sense 6 b), as face-maker, (sense 3), as face-affecting ppl a. C. locative (sense 1), as face-hot adj , face-joy , -spot ; (sense 5), as face- flatterer
1675 Cocker Morals 24 ’‘Face-affecting Lasses, Neglect their Graces, to attend their Glasses 1887 Corelli Thelma II 207 Beauties deprived of elegant attire and “face-cos- metics 1859 Tennyson Idylls , Vivien 822 “Face-flatterers and backbiters. 1634 Gayton Fleas Notes 11 iv 49 Who,
Shut one that will carry no coales) would have rewarded a inend thus for his opinion, only in “Face-hot presses. 1850 Mrs Browning Poems 1 1 336 In your bitter world “Face- joy’s a costly mask to wear 1630 Bulwdr Anthropomet Pref, Crosse to that “Face-levelling designe, Thy high* rais’d Nose appeareth Aquiline. 1883 W. S Gresley Gloss Terms Coal-mining 99 Keep the ’'face line of the stall neither fully face on nor end on. 1736 Cowper in Con- noisseur No 138 Those buffoons in society, the Attitudina* nans and “Face-makers, x8o8 Wolcott (P Pindar) One more Peep at R A Wks 1812 V. 367 Forced to beg her humble bread While every face-maker can feast 1743 E Hevwood Female Spectator (1748) III 156 Have they not their barbers, aye, and their “tacemenders too? Ibid 234 Those “facemending stratagems. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L § 222 The best “face mortar 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet Pref, “"Face-moulders who affect the grace Of a square, plain, 01 a smooth platter-face C1790 Imison Sek Art II 7 Prepare some size, with which you must brush over the “face side [of a print] 1883 Lady Brassey The Trades 311 The black bodies made them look anything but suitable for use as “face-sponges 1683 Cooke Marrow Chirurg (ed 4) vn 1 270 Pimpernel deanseth “Face-Spots 1793 Smeaton Edystone L § 213 The “face work of the subordinate parts a 1613 Overbury Charac , Hypocrite , A “face-wringing ballet-singer 27. Special comb.: face-ache, pain 111 the nerves of the face ; face-ague, an acute form of face-ache, tic douloureux ; face-airing vbl sb {Mining), see quot. ; face-bedded ppl. a , (a stone) placed so that the gram runs along the face; + face-bone = Cheek-bone ; + face-bread, Heb conn cm1? k Jiern happdnlm = Show-bread , ^face-breadth, extent of the face (sense 1) from side to side;
face-card, a playing-card hearing a face (of a king, queen, or knave) = Coat card; face-chuck {Mech ) = face-plate , face-cloth, a cloth laid over the face of a corpse ; face-cog {Mech.), one of the cogs or teeth on the f face ’ of a wheel ; face-guard, a contrivance for protecting the face, esp in. some industrial processes, fencing, etc ; face-hammer (see quots ) ; face-joint (see quot ) ; face-knocker, one in which the fixed portion has the form of a human face ; face-lathe (see quots ) ; + face-making vbl sb , portrait-painting ; face-mould (see quots ) ; face-painter, (o) a pamter of portraits, (/>) one who applies paint to the face ; face-painting vbl. sb , portrait-painting , face-physi o, collect appliances for the face; face- piece {Naut ), see quot. ; face-plan (see quot ) ; faoe-plate {Mech ), an enlargement of the end of the mandrel (of a lathe) to which work may be attached for the purpose of being ‘ faced ’ or made flat, also attnb , as m face-plate coupling ; + face- playing vbl. sb., the exhibition of feeling or senti- ment by the play of the countenance ; face-pre- sentation {Midwifery), presentation face foremost in birth; face-shaft {Arch), see quot.; face- stone {Arch.) the slab of stone forming the face 01 front, esp in a comice, an entablature, etc ; face-turnmg-lathe = face-lathe , face-value, the amount stated on the face (of a note, postage-stamp, etc), the apparent or nominal value; also fig., face-wall (Building), front wall ; face- wheel {Mech ) = conti ate-wheel (see Contrate 2) ; also * a wheel whose disk-face is adapted for grinding and polishing ’ (Knight) , + face-wmd, a wind blowing against one’s face 1863 Dickens Mnt Fr 1 v, It gave you the “face-ache to look at his apples. 1869 Eng Meek 12 Nov 211/1 Faceache I believe to be inflammation of the nerves 1883 W S Gresley Gloss Terms Coal-mining 99 *Face atntig, that system of ventilating the workings which excludes the ainng of the goaves 1863 Arclueol Cant tana V. 14 Jambs two feet eight inches apart, “face bedded 1883 Stonemason an , It is rare now for a face-bedded stone to be fixed in a uilding x8ox Southey Thalaba vm u, His cheeks were fallen m, His “face-bones prominent a 1636 Bp Hall Rem Wks (1660) 238 The mattei and form of the Tables of the “Face-biead. 1651 J F[geaicf] Agrtppa’s Occ Philos 271 Nine “face-bredths make a square well set man 1826 J Wilson Nod Antbr Wks (1835) 303 Desperate bad hauns a haun without a “face-caird x888 Sheffield Gloss (E D S ), Face-card, a coutt card. x888 Lockwood's Did. Terms Mech. Eng 133 *Face chuck, a face plate 1748 Richardson Clarissa xhv VIII 166 She seeing the coffin, withdrew her hand from mine and removed the “face cloth. 1839 Tennyson Idylls, Guinevere 7 The white mist, like a face cloth to the face, Clung to the dead earth 1833 Holland Manuf Metalll 61 An axil which carries likewise another [wheel] with “face-cogs. 1874 Knight Did. Mech , “ Face-guard , a mask with windows for the eyes 1883 W. Mollett Did Art fy Archseol, 134 Face guard on a elmet, a bar or bars of iron protecting the face. 1874 Knight Did Mech , *Face-hammer , one with a flat face. 1884 Ibid. IV. 324/1 Face Hammer (Masonry), one with one blunt and one cutting end 1874 Hid , * Face-joint , that joint of a voussoir which appears on the face of the arch. 1769 Public Advertiser 18 May 3/4 Iron “Face Knockers 1884 Knight Diet Mech , * Face-lathe, {a) a pattern-maker’s lathe for turning bosses, core prints, and other face-work; ( b ) a lathe with a large Tace-plate and a slide rest adjustable in front on its own shears Transverse usually but not necessarily r888 Lockwood's Dtd . Terms Mech Eng , Face lathe, a lathe chiefly or exclusively used for surfacing. 16*3 Webster Duchess of Malfi m, 11, ’Twould disgrace His “face-making, and undo him. 1823 P. N icholson Prod. Build 222 “Face mould, a mould for drawing the proper figure of a hand-rail on both sides of the plank. 1876 in Gwilt A rchit Gloss. 1697 Dryden's Virgil Life (1709) 16 (Jod) 111 “facepamters, not being able to hit the true fea- tures make amends by a great deal of impertinent land- scape and drapery 1847 L Hunt Men , Women, 4 B, I. xtv 276 The highest face-pamteis are not the loveliest women 183a S. R Maitland Ess 107 notet 1 He took me for a face-paintei 1* said a late eminent artist. 1706 Art of Painting (1744)355 He was a landskip-pamter, till he fell to “face-pamtmg 186a W M, Rossetti in Ft user's Mag, July 73 Whose picture shows a higher character of face-pamting itixi Donne Ignatius' Conclave (1632) 129 Women tempting by Paintings and “Face-Physick. a 1613 Overbury Charac ., Faire Milkmayd, One looke of hers is able to put all face-physicke out of countenance C1850 Rudim , Navtg, (Weale) 117 “Face-piece, ^ piece of elm, generally tabled on to the fore-part of the knee of the head, to assist the conversion of the mam piece, and likewise to shorten the upper bolts, and prevent the cables from rubbing against them as the knee gets worn 1874 Knight Diet, Mech , *Face-plan, the prin- cipal or front elevation 1841 Tredgold M ill-work 428 The “face-plate has four adjusting screws for securing the work- 1874 Knight Did Mech 1888 Lockwood's Did . Terms Mech Eng , The term face plate is more commonly applied in the shops to the ordinary face chucks Ibid, Faceplate coupling — Flanged coupling *780 Burney Hist M«s, IV 319 She perfectly possessed that flexibility of muscles and features, which constitutes “face-playing 1841 Rigby Mid- wifery in 111. 130 The opinion that “face-presentations were preternatural 1849 Ecclesiologist IX. 345 The double semi-cylindncal “face-shafts, formerly running np the face of the piers. 1853 Ruskin Stones Yen III, App x. 238 The “face-stone and often the soflit, are sculptured. Ibid III 238 Arches decorated only with coloured marble, the facestone being coloured, the soffit white 1841 Tred- gold Mill-work 428 “Face turning lathe. 1878 F. A,
Walker Money xx 461 Some English Merchant who isbound to pay money in the United States for more than the “face- value of his claim 1883 J L W HiTNrY in Lit World 8 Sept 293/1 He must take the advertisements of publishers at their face value, and regard them as what they claim to he. x888 Daily News 13 July 3/3 If postcards were sold at the face value of the stamps upon them 1891 Law Times XC I 2 24/1 The note is still worth its face value 1874 Knight Diet Mech , * Face-wall 1833 J Holland Manuf Metal II 191 The axle is turned round by a “face or crown wheel fixed upon the extremity of it 1879 Cassell’s Techn Ednc I. 349/2 Face-wheels have their cogs or pins placed perpen- dicularly to the face of the wheel, a 1722 Lisle Hnsb. (1757) 113 A “face or back-wind signifies little.
Face (fcis), v. [f. prec. sb ]
I. To show a bold or opposing front.
+ 1, mtr To show ti hold face, look big; to brag, boast, swagger Phrase, To face and brace (see Brace v 2) Obs
c 1440 Promp Parv 145 Facyn, or shewyn boolde face 1509 Barclay Shyp of Polys 22 A fals extorcyoner Fasynge and bostynge to scratche and to kepe 1601 Yarington Two Lament Traj hi ii in Bullen O PI IV, Wilt thou Face and make semblance Of that thou never means t to execute ?
+ b In pnmero (Cf. Bluff, Brag ) Obs.
1394 Carew Huurtds Exam Wits viii 112 To play well at Pnmero, and to face and vie, and to hold and giue ouer when tune serueth are all workes of the imagination + c To show a false face, maintain a false ap- pearance. Obs.
1370 Ascham Scholem, 1. (Arb.) 54 To laughe, to he, to flatter, to face Foure waies in Court to win men grace 1589 Hay any Work 39 Thou canst cog, face and lye, as fast as a dog can trot 1391 Shaks i Hen, VI, v in 142 Suffolke doth not flatter, face, or fame
+ d To have a (specified) appearance Obs 1669 N. Morton New Eng Mem. 106 The evil conse- quences thereof faced very sadly,
+ 2. trans. a. To confront with assurance or impudence , to brave, to bully b To face a lu (upon), to tell a manifest untruth (to). Obs 1453 Poston Lett. No 5x2 II 205 My Lord of Suffolks men come and face us and fray uppon us, this dayly 1330 Palsgr 542/2 Yet he wolde face me with a lye 1333 Mort Answ P oy sotted Bk Wks 1131/2 He faceth himself the he upon me c 1540 Heywood Four P P in Hazl Dodsley I 382 But his boldness hath faced a lie 1548 Hall Chron 59b,Thestraunger so faced theEnglisheman, that hefaynted in hys sute. 1625 Bacon Ess , Truth (Arb ) 501 For a Lie faces God, and shrinkes from Man 1632 Massinger Em- peror of the East v i, I have built no palaces to face the court.
8 With advbs. a. To face down , out ■ to put down (a person) with effrontery, to browbeat ; to controvert (an objection, the tmth) with coolness or impudence; to maintain (a statement) impu- dently. Also with sentence as obj' : to maintain or insist to a person’s face that [etc.], b. To face out (a matter, etc.) : to carry through by effiontery, brazen out. + To face it out with a card often . see i b and Card sb 2 2 a C. + To face out of. to exclude shamelessly from , also, to bully out of
a 1530 Palsgr, 542/2, I face one downc in a mate) . *533 More Answ Poysoned Bk Wks 1131/2 He. scof- feth that I face out the trouth with lyes 1580 Lupton Stvqtla m Polunanteia (1881) p. xvn, And so faced out thy poore Father before our face 1390 Shaks Com Err in.
I 6 Here’s a villaine that would face me downe He met me on the Mart. 1667 Dryden Sir Martin iv 1, I’ll not be faced down with a lie 1787 Weslfy in Wks 1872 IV 401 The clerk faced me down I had taken the coach for Sunday i860 Froude Hist. Eng VI 100 With Paget’s help she faced down these objections
b *343 Bale Yet a Course 59 Now, face out yonr matter with a carde of tenne 1353 T Wilson Rhet (1580) 202 The Roscians kmsfolke have boldly adventured, and will face out their doynges. 1379 G Harvey Letter-bk (Camden) 73 To face it oute lustelye as sum other good fellowes doe a 1619 Fotherby Atfieom 1. xu § 2 (1622) 123 Obluctation, and facing out of the matter 1630 B Jonson New Inn 1, m, Cards of ten, to face it Out in the game 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay (1876) I, 1 15 Unless they could make up their minds to face it out C c 1330 More Answ, Frith iv. Wks, 1132/2 Your false heresy, wherwith you would face out Samour out of the blessed sacrament 1601 Shaks. Twel N, iv. 11 tot They doe all they can to face me out of my wits Ibid. v. i. 91 His false cunning Taught him to face me out of his ac- quaintance
4 tram. To meet (danger, an enemy, or any- thing unpleasant) face to face ; to meet in front, oppose with confidence or defiance.
1639 B Harris Parival's Iron Age 79 A great body of Nobility march briskly on, to face that potent Emperour Osman <*x68o Butler (1759) VIII 7 These silly rant- ing Pnvolvans face their Neighbours Hand to Hand. 1708 Addison State of War 23 We .cast about for a sufficient number of Troops to face them [the enemy } in the Field of Battle, a 1745 Swift (J They are as loth to see the fires kindled in Smithfield as his lordship, and, at least, as ready to face them 1798 Ferriar IUustr Sterne v 150 He faced the storm gallantly, 1808 J Barlow Cohmib iv 143 To face alone The jealous vengeance of the papal throne. 184a Macaulay Horatvus xxvn, How can man die better Than facing fearful odds? *88x Besant & Rice Chap l Fleet
II xml, (1883) 250 A man will face almost anything rather than possible ridicule,
+b To appear before (a city) as an enemy 01643 T Tully Siege Carlisle [x 840)1 They p’ceeded . to face Carlisle with a Rascall rout iu 1643 1677 Sir T.
Herbert Trav. 284 A small party with which he faced the City Walls.
PACE.
FACET.
5. In weaker sense • To look in the face of; to meet face to face ; to stand fronting lit. and fig 1632 Lithgow Ttav vn 303 Facing; the Iudge and plead- ing both our best 1779 Mad D’Arblay Diary Nov, If I faced him he must see my merriment was not merely at his humour *841 Elphinstone Hist Ind II 275 He
Eerformed the journey with such celerity that he faced is enemy on the ninth day 1853 Kingsley Hypatia ix. no Might he but face the tenible enchantiess 1883 Manch Exam 24 Nov. 5/2 The great problem which faces every inquirer mto the causes of colliery explosions
6. To look seriously and steadily at, not to shrink from.
1795 T Jefferson Wnt (1859) IV, 116 My own quiet required that 1 should face it [the idea] and examine it 1828 D'Israeli Chas I, II v 104 A lawyer 111 the habit of facing a question but on one side, can rarely be a philo- sopher, who looks on both 1883 S S Lloyd in North Star 25 Oct 3/7 The need for external supplies of food must be faced
II With, reference to the direction of the face.
7. intr a Of persons and animals: To pre- sent the face in a certain direction , to look, lit and Jig
*594 W S m Shaks C Praise g, I know thy griefe, And face fiom whence these flames aryse 167a Dryden Cong Granada 1 1, He [the courser] sidelong bore his Rider on, Still facing, till he out of sight was gone 1844 H. H. Wil- son Bnt. India II 2 66 The 1st of the 20th, with one com- pany of the 24th, were posted on the larger eminence, facing east and south 1863 Kinglake Ci tntea (1877) II vn 64 He steadfastly faced towards peace 1882 Hinsdale Gar- Jield ff Educ \ 117 He faced to law and politics, to science and to literature
b Of things * To be, or be situated, with the face or front in some specified direction ; to front Const on, to
1776 Withering Brit Plants (1796) IV 71 Saucers rust- coloured, large, facing downwards c 1830 Rndun Navig (Weale) 113 Dagger , a piece of timber that faces on to the poppets of the bilgeways 1832 Thackeray Esmond 1 111, The little chapel that faced eastwards 1884 Times (weekly ed) 29 Aug 14/2 The village faces full to the south 1887 Pall Mall G 22 Aug 11/2 The really pic turesque side of the hall, facing on a lovely lake 8 trans a Of persons and animals : To pre- sent the face or front towards ; to look towards b. Of a building, a country, and objects in general : To be situated opposite to, front towaids a 1632 Lithgow Trav vm, 364 Facing the in-land wee marched for three dayss 1730 Johnson Rambler No.
12 f 15 Stand facing the light, that we may see you 177A Goldsm. Nat Hist, (1776) III. 216 He continues to comDat still facing the enemy till he dies 1886 Sheldon tr Havberr s Salammbd 22 Neighing shrilly as they faced the rising sun 1
b 1670 Milton Hist Eng it, Wks (1847) 404/2 He gained that part of Britain which faces Ireland 1703 Ad- dison Italy (1767) 201 The side of the Palatine mountain that faces it 1746-7 Hervey Medtt, (1818) 150 Yonder tree, which faces the south i860 Tyndall Glac 1 vu 55 A senes of vertical walls face the observer 1883 Manch Exam 10 June 8/7 The statue faces the principal en- trance to the museum ‘
o. Of letterpress, an engraving, etc • To stand on the opposite page to
•Pf6 J1llS XXXVI Directions for placing the Design to face p 8 4887
■rail Mall G 19 Feb. 3/9 An mcieased price is paid for advertisements ‘facing matter* 1890 Ibid 20 Nov 2/2 A *roin ®a<fctone ls good, and an article from him worth severa columns ‘facing matter \ Mod [On a plate inserted in a book] To face page 56.
d 7b face ( a person ) with : to put before the face of ; to confront zuith.
Golding Calvin on Dent xviu 109 It was Gods wil to humble his people by facing them with the temple ot a cursed ldou.
9 intr f a in sense of face about (see b). Also rejl. Obs. '
.1 ,644. Sungsby^ Diary (1836) 112 Upon y» top of y» Hill Giey [the Scots] face and front towards y° prince 1666 + The 1?ul{e dld fly; but *U this day £.h bee5* fightlng> therefore they did face again,
° v.sure Bond Gaz No 2662/3 Upon their ap-
proach our men faced, and about ao fired” 1824 Miss Fer rier Inker vi, Having got to the top. .he faced him.
b Chiefly Mil To turn the face m a stated direction (left, nght, etc.). 7b face about, to the right about, 7 ound . to turn the face m the opposite facet 1°° AS W°rd °f comnialld» RtSkt or left about
1634 Massinger Very Woman m 1 Let fall your cloak n«^wUi-der“ffe *9 y°ur !eft hand« *647 N Bacon fni ?or sSlndfe,<I739)l3S He face, aa,t therefore ana lor Scotland he goes a 16 71 Ld Fairfax Mem
» He* *mad® them face about, and march again into the Town. 1710 Land. Gaz No 4675/1 He commanded face to the Left, in order to flank the Enemy
fhePmtfff ‘ 1 F? KnIfbt faced ‘owaJs caeof
*755 Hanway JVb» (1762) JI IV lv ixs They immediSv
th/ pIa»t 113 t chan£ed masters, and faced about 1787 Columbian Mag. I. 47 To the nvht about fare I
1 Halt, and face to the Fronf ■ 1820 Keats Cap <$• Belts xxx\i x Then facing right about, he saw the
v,n xxv‘‘l> The rest had faced unto the right Abcnit 1826 Scott Woodst 1, The minister faced round upon the party who had seized W 1841 Lev intG O Malley lxxxviu, Left face— wheel— quick march ! iBa!
^ AJ*ny 261 On which the Captain is to face inwards, and the Lieutenant and Ensign face to the nght
8
1839 F A Griffiths Artil Man (ed 8) 19 Right or left about thiee-quarters face 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1877) Hi 1 215 These men had faced about to the front fig . 1645 Liberty oJConsc 28 In this Sir you have faced about, sure you are not As you were. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr
11 Introd 217 His Spirit was so stout No Man could evei make him face about
10 trans fa To attract or direct the face or looks of. b Mil To cause (soldiers) to face, or present the front
1630 Lord Banians .J Perses 72 Certame municall gestures, so as may most face the people to gaze upon them 1667 Waterhouse Fue Lond 181 The Judgments of God face us to humihtie 1839 F A Grp-tiths Artil Man (ed 8)
30 The company will be faced, and countermarched /ha
31 The remaining companies first being faced to the right about.
11. a To turn face upwards, expose the face of (a playing caid).
1674 Cotton Complete Gamester in Singer Hist Cards 344 He clasps these cards faced at the bottom 1721 Mrs Centlivre Basset Table xv, Fac’t again ; — what’s the mean- ing of this ill luck to-mgh t ? 1742 Hoyle Whtst 10 If a Card is faced 111 the Pack, they must deal again, except it is the last Card 1878 H H Gibbs Ombre 19 He places the cards before him, taking care not to face or show any of them b Post-office To turn (letters) with their faces in one direction
1830 Q Rev June 75 The object is merely to ‘ face ‘ the stamped and paid letters all the same way 1889 Pall Mall G 15 Oct 7/1 All the letters have been Faced, sorted, and stamped
III To put a face upon
12 To cover a certain breadth of (a garment) with another material ; to trim, turn up In pass said of the wearer Also, To face about, down
*56* m P icary's Anat (1888) App vi. 189 Mygowne of browne blue lyned and faced with black budge 1592 Greenf Art Conny-catch 11 2 The Priest was facst afore with Veluet 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts (1673) 44S They face about the collars of men and worn ens garments . 1679 Lond Gaz No 1378/4 A black hair Camlet Gown faced down before, and on the Cape with Velvet 1739 Compl Lett . writer (ed. 6)229 B'ue doth, trimmed and faced with white 18x8 Scott Hi t Midi xxi, The five Lords of Justiciary, m their long robes of scarlet faced with white 1833 W Sar gent Braddock's Expedition 291 The uniform of the 44th was red faced with yellow
absol c 1370 Pride t, Lentil {1841) ao Silke and Jase To welt, to edge, to garde, to stitche and face
*t*b transf Sc fig To trim, adorn, deck, furnish
*565 Jewel Del Apol. (x6n) 241 Would ye rathei, for the better facing and colouring of your Doctnn, we should strike out this Forged Quodammodo 1596 Shaics i Hen IV. v *• .74 To Cace Garment of Rebellion With some fine colour 1630 B Jonson New Jim i i. Wks (Rtldg) 410/1 An host who is at the best some round-grown thing, a jug Faced with a beard, that fills out to the guests 1645 Milton Colast Wks (1847)221, 1 sawthe stuff garnished and trimly laced with the commendations of a licenser 1683 Dryden 10 J Alb 1,1 ’• Rebellion fac’d with publick Good •
Id To cover the surface either wholly or partially with some specified material
tv™ Tr t;6 * £ic<u xi ui k. wane
1697 Dryden Kzzt-. Georg 1 259 Delve of convenient Depth your thrashing Floor, With temper'd Clay then Ml and face it o er. 17x3 Desaguliers Fires Impr 112 besides of the Chimney with thin Copper 1803 Phil Pi ans XCIII 83 The same bar was melted again, mid was cast in sand, faced by charcoal dust 1836 Jml R. f-gric Soc XVII n 363 The more modern fence is taced with stones
14 To dress or smooth the face or surface of. Also, To face down
1848 Miu. Pol Econ. 1, 132 One lathe is kept for facing surfaces 1873 Tristram Moab vi m Blocks of basalt S ^?ATi, h^nihnelyfarCe,? *879 Cassell’s Techn Edvc IV. Ts produced dyiSCarefU y faC6d down 1,11 a fine even surface
* 1 " C?a^ (*-ea) vnth some colouring substance. Also, To face up
1 Household Words II 277 The tea-leaf is ‘faced
ky ^^HEh chalk, to give it the pearly appearance so much liked 1869 E A Parkes Profit Hygune (ed 3) 27?
^A?rrS ree.n itea oor,el£ber IJatural or coloured (faced) with indigo [etc ] xmEncycl Brit XXIII 101/x Exhausted ^T^TitT rei j^ced UP t0 do duty as fresh tea tlv. 16 To deface, disfigure, spoil m ap- pearance. [? Short for Deface.] Obs. hirfdTtSS^ Tr°y 9I29 Rolexena. .All facid hir face with
Faeaa, Faeeal, obs if. of Fascia, Facial. F‘aceeies, anglicized form of Faceup.
Faced (f<?‘st), ppl a 1 [f. Face v. + -ed l.l In senses of the verb. a. Of a card • That has been turned face upwards
Gomplete Gamester xv (x68o) 96 Then the ,b trH Cards are upwards x868 Pardon Card Player 21 / ac”_cards necessitate a new deal b Of a body of soldiers That has faced or turned about
Ca™lryW*3) *8 3 When the whole was halted, the proper front would be taken by the faded wing
teual C Ot^ln^ : ^urnec^ UP with another ma-
up with feemgs on the cuffs and collars of uniforms’ a. Of a block or piece of stone : Having the surface dressed or smoothed. S
1863 Lubbock Preh Times xm (1878) 491 These [slmg- stones] were called afai ara — faced or edgeef stones
e Of tea . That has been artificially altered m appearance, coloured.
1875 Sat. Rev XL 533/1 Consumers of ‘ faced ’ tea have taken to it for the benefit of manufacturers and importers
Faced (fr'st), ppl a i [f Face sb + -ed a.] Furnished with or having a face
1 Of persons f a* Having a face like (a dog, etc ) Obs. b. In combination with some defining prefix, as bare-, dog-, full-, etc , faced, for which see those words.
c 1500 Bk Maid Emlyn in Anc. Pott I rncts (Percy Soc.) 20 Faced lyke an aungell 1376 Ntivton Lemnic's Complex 1 10 Jaowre countenanced, faced like death 1309
(*/33)
Minsi
insheu Dial, Sp fy Eng (1623) 67 The Devill broug the blush-faced young man to the Court 1624 Ford, etc Sun’s Darling \\ 1, Rural fellows, fac’d Like Ioveis of youi Laws 1632 Lithgow Trav vi 293 We inarched through a fiery faced plame 1634 Sir T Hfrbert hav 213 The Bats are faced like Monkeyes X710 Swtrr Jtnl to Stella 23 Sept , He is a lawboned faced fellow 1863 Sat Rev 124 Their leafy height, that winter soon Left leafless to the cold-faced moon
2. Faced cloth a fabric manufactured with a ‘ natural lustre ’
1889 Daily News 5 Oct 7/7 Advt , Faced Cloths, wan anted not to spot with rain, in all the new shades
3. Faced card fif ace-cat d , cowt-card *794 Sporting Mag III 41 'We aie all faced caids’ ‘ I
hope you aie not all Kings '. 1847-78 111 Hai uwn r 1869 m. Peacock Gloss Lonsdale 29 *879 in Miss Jackson
ShropsJt Woidbk 138 4 Printing, (see qiiol )
1888 Jacobi Pi intei ’s Vocal) 43 Faced Rvh, Biass Rule with the ordinal y thin face somewhat thickened 5. Arch c Faced work, thin stone, otherwise called bastard ashlar, used to imitate squared stone woik In painting, the rubbing down each coat with pumice before the next is laid on Used also oi superior plastering 5 (Arch. Diet 1892). Fa'cecUlinecL, a Her. [f Faced ppl a + Lined ppl. a.] Of a garment • Having the lining visible.
X825 in Berry Encycl Herald s v 1889 in Ei \ m Diet Herald 57
Faeel, var of Fasel, Obs , kidney bean Faceless (ft'1 sles), a [f. Face d> + -less ] Without a face, f a Of persons Lacking face or courage, cowardly b Of a coin. Having the device and legend obliterated a *567 Sempili. Lordis Just Quarrel in Balla/es (1872) 30 Quhen faceles fuilhs sail not be settin by 1396 Ldwaid ///.i 11 9 Faceless fear that ever turns his back 1727-26 in Bailey 1773 m Ash. * 1 *
b 18 e& Fraset’s Mag LI 272 Specimens of the bron/e coinage of the later empire mostly trite and faceless, as a farthing of the reign of George III
fFa-cely, a Obs. [f as piec + -ia t ] Giving a face to face view ; open ; Iransl med.L fandhs Cf Facial a 1.
^ot,ndi Faith 44 The deal e and facely vision otGod [clara et facialis vrsio Dei]
Facely, var of Faoileli Facer (f?1 sai) [f Face v and sb + -fu J 1 1 One who puts on a bold face ; one who boasts 01 swaggers , a braggart, bully Obs c xsxs Cocke Lorelles B (Percy Soc ) 11 Crakers, facers, and chylderne quellers. 1530 Latimer Last t>erm bef Edw VI, Wks I 252 Nay . there be no greater tattlers, nor boasters nor facers than they be i6ix Beaum & Fl Maui’s Ting Vo ’ n raCe °f ,dle Pe°Ple Facers and talkers A Post-office. One who £ faces ’ letters (see Face v. 11 b).
oS°F June 75 The act is by ‘facets’ called ‘ pigging’
3 A blow m the face ht and fig x8xo Sporting Mag. XXXVI 243 Each of the pugilists ^changed half a dozen fiaceis 18x9 Moore Tom Cub’s
RabV^Th WLl 0LeaChJa?eraniIfa11’ l8&J Vro"n
SS fia ' d"vered * ,"nSc 6“t
x8a8 Blackw, 1^1 age XXI II 200/2 With the ucht lending the Catholics such a facer, that they are unable^ to come to time. 1872 Besant & Rice Ready Money M, avul bj bad a good many facers in my life ’ ’
\ fa * Jarge cup or tankard b. Such a cup nlled to the bnm , a bumper. Obs a *,??7 WAIT , ^fiarbe (Chetnam See ) 17 Item, to my cosvn yhlg ®mitb mybowndon facer and my glide spone
b 1688 Shadwill Sqr Alsatia n, ThereVa facer for B E Diet Cant Crew, Facer, a Bumpe!- without Lip room 1783 in Grosf Diet Vvlg. Tongue P
fl sb. ! 0h{ Also 5 faeeet, facett,
UAoxfi (nthrouSh F f*at) L facet-us (see rAOETE a) used as a proper name] The book Facetus de Moribus (by some attributed to John Garland), which was used in schools as a book of instruction in behaviour c 144° Promp Pare 145 Faeeet, booke Facetus
f ifaf Fl (Ial8) 1 Fa£rett seythe the Bo°k of curtesyi? ok483 Diber Niger in Honseh Old 45 The Dean of the S-hPPP®U *o drawe these chyldren. as well in the schoole of facett, as in songe. [xfin Cotgr , Facet, a Primmer or Grammer for a yong scholler ] trimmer, or
Facet (fse set), sb 2 Forms 7 fascet, faucett,
8 fasset, fosset, 8-9 facette, 8- facet Ta. F. facette, dim of face : see Face sb] A little face *
FACET.
9
FACILE.
1. One of the sides of a body that has numerous faces , orig one of the small cut and polished faces of a diamond or other gem, but subsequently ex- tended to a similar face m any natural or artificial body Cf Brilliant Also preceded by certain defining words, as diagonal -, skill-, skew-, star- facet ; for which see those words.
1635 Bacon J$ss Honour (Art ) 69 Diamonds cut with Fascets 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal 60 Sea-greene benll into fascets cut 1750 Jcitrifs Treat Diamonds $ Pearls (1751) 33 A Brilliant whose lustre is derived from the angles, or facets, of the sides only 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chern II 157 United with antimony, it gives a brittle metal with facets 1808 Scott Marm iv xi, Above its cornice, iow and row Of fair hewn facets 183s Marryat Olla Podr xxm, They polish rubies , that is, without cutting them in facettes. 1853 Herschtl/V Led Sc. vm §165 (1873) The appearance of certain small obliquely posited facets on the crystal previous to polishing 1834 Hooler Hvital Jmls
I xv 344 Light reflected from . myriads of facets [of hoar- frost] *873 Ure Diet Arts s v Facetting , Facets on gold and silver are cut and polished on revolving wheels
jig 1820 Mar Edgi-worth Life R Edgeworth (1821)
II 260 That facet of the mind which it was the interest or the humour of the moment to turn outwaid
2. Anat a A small flat and smooth articular surface of a bone
1836 Todd Cycl Anat I 272/1 The atlas is articulated with the occipital tubercle by a single concave facet 1870 Rolltston Amnt Li/e Introd 37 The ribs of the Sauna have only a single articular facet 1881 M 1 vast Cat 228 On gar-h side of this is an oval, convex, articular facet
b One of the individual parts or segments ( ocelli !) of a compound eye
1834 McMurtie Cuviers Amin Kingd 289 Compound eyes, where the surface is divided into an infinitude of dif- ferent lenses called facets 1839 Darwin Orig Spec vi (1873) 144 The numeious facets on the coinea of their great compound eyes form true lenses 3 atlnb , as facet-wise Also facet-diamond, a diamond whose surface is formed into facets ; facet-doublet, a counterfeit jewel (see Doublet) similaily treated ; facet-flash, a flash of light from one of the facets of a gem , in quot. fig 1664 Butier Hud it. 1 601 Grind her lips upon a mill, Until the facet doublet doth Fit their rhymed rather than her mouth. 1676 Land Gaz No 1207/4 Two Diamond Rings with one Faucett Diamond . in each Ring. 1690 Songs Costume (Percy Soc ) 186 A saphire bodkin for the hair, Or sparkling facet diamond there 1751 Chambers Cycl s v Facet , Multiplying-glasses are cut in facets or facet wise 1868 Browning Ring§ Bk 1. 1361 Rather learn and love Each facet-flash of the revolving year 1 Facet (fse-set), v. Pa. t. and pple. faceted (often erron facetted) [f. prec. sb Cf F. facetter ] trans. To cut a facet 01 facets upon; to cover with facets lit and fig.
1870 Echo 17 Jan., The almond form [of the Sancy diamond] completely facetted over indisputably proves that it was an Indian-cut stone 1873 Browning Red Cott. Nt -cap 344 The liquid name ‘ Miranda '—faceted as lovelily As lus own gift, the gem. 1874 Westropp Precious Stones 140 Heart-shaped Amethyst Facetted on face and back 1881 J Payne Villon's Poems Introd 84 He alone divined the hidden diamonds and rubies of picturesque expression.^ to be facetted into glory and beauty by the regenerating friction of poetic employment
Facete (fas?t), a ; rare in mod. use Also 7 faceifc. [ad. L. facet-ns graceful, pleasing, witty. Cf, OF facet ]
1 =• Facetious, arch
1603 Holland Plutarch’s Mor 662 Pleasant demaunds and facete jests 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel, 1 ii iv iv, Lodovirus Suessanus a facete companion, disswaded him to the contrary 1651-3 Jer Taylor Serin for V ear (1850) 292 A facete discourse can refresh the spirit 1601 Wood A th. Oxon, I, 259 He was a man of a facete and affable countenance 1762 Sterne Tr Shandy vi v, I will have him cheerful, facete, jovial. 1830 tr Aristophanes A char- mans 34 By Jove l these two hogs are facete ones! 1863 Salk Capt Dang II ix 310 Such a Ruffian could main- tain an appearance of a facete disposition to the last b absol
1807-8 Syd Smith Plymley's Lett Wks 1839 II 162/x If he would consider the facete and the playful to be the basis of his character. 18*8 Blackw Mag XXIV. 257 One or two attempts at raillery and the facete are indeed de*
Pt2b,After Latin usage: Elegant, graceful, po- lished Obs
a 1633 Naunton Fragin. Reg (Arb.) 29 Leicester was much the more facete Courtier Ibid 36 He was so facete and choice m his phrase and stile 1 66a Bagshaw in Acc Baxter’s Suspension 45 A man of so Elegant and x1 acete a Style
Hence + Face-tely adv Obs., m a witty or humorous manner, pleasantly. + Face teness, the quality of being witty or humorous ; * wit, pleasant representation ' (J )
16x9 Brent tr Sarpls Counc (1676) 72 That which
facetely was spoken by Erasmus 1621 Burton Anat Mel in 11 n 11. 558 As lames Lernutius bath facetely expressed in an elegant Ode. 1636 Featly Clovis Myst xxviin 361 Poole facetely excused the matter, a 1636 Hales Gold. Rem (x688) 170 Parables breed delight of hearing, by reason of that faceteness and wittiness which is many times found in them.
Faceted (feewted), fpl a. Also 9 (erron.) facetted [f Facet sb and v + -ed ]
1 Of gems, etc . Having, furnished with, or cut Vol. IV-
into facets. Also preceded by some qualifying word, as many-, keenly-faceted X859 Darwin Orig Spec vn {1873) 203 The falling of a facetted spheroid from one facet to another 1874 Wtstropp Precious Stones 140 Amethyst cushion cut face , facetted back 1890 Harper’s Mag Oct 799/2 It is a many-faceted diamond of the purest lustre 1890 Daily News 27 Jan 3/1 It’s [the electric light’s] power is enormously multiplied by the facetted lens
Jig 1864 Carlyle Gt (1865) IV. xi 111 44 Friedrich loves the sharp facetted cut of the man 2. Anat Provided with facets; see Facet sb 2 2.
1836 Todd Cycl Anat, I 770/2 The most remarkable modification of facetted eyes. 1870 Rolleston Amtn. Life 22 An irregularly shaped bony process forms with this smooth facetted piocess a cup-shaped cavity Facetise (fas? Jij?), sb pi Also 6 111 anglicized form facecies [a L facetise, pi of facetia a jest, f. facetus Facete] Humorous sayings or writings, pleasantries, witticisms.
1329 More Dyaloge t Wks 118/2 With folish facecies and blasphemous mockery 1637 J Smith Myst Rhet 78 The merry and pleasant sayings incident hereunto are called Facetiae 1883 S C Hall Retrospect I 324 Gilbert a Beckett . contributed jokes and facetise weekly
Faceting1 (fsesetiq), vbl sb Also 9 (erron) facetting [f. Facet v. + -ing 1 ] The action or process of cutting facets on gems or metals 1873 U re Diet Aits, Facetting 1877 Streeter Precious Stones 1 iv. 32 The Brilliant depends greatly upon the facetting for its exceeding beauty X877 Gee Golawoiker xi 380 The workman turning the links of gold chains be- tween his thumb and finger . and while it seems as if they are being presented in a haphazard fashion to the lap, the most perfect-shaped diamonds are being produced. This is called faceting
Facetiosity (fasfji^’siti). rare [f next; see -ITT ] The quality of being facetious ; in quot quasi-cotttr
*822 Liberal I 209 The bookseller evidently laughs at the customer . when he has the luck to get rid of some heavy facetiosity by a chance sale
Facetious (fiszjas), a [ad, Yt.facStienx (cited, from 16th c.), f. facitte , ad L. facetia (see Facetle)
+ -ous ]
f 1. [After L facetus ] Of style, manners, etc . Polished and agieeable, urbane Obs 1392 H Chettle in Shake C Praise 4 His facetious grace in wntting which approoues his art 2 Characterized by, or addicted to, pleasantry , jocose, jocular, waggish. Formerly often with laudatory sense: Witty, humoious, amusing ; also, gay, sprightly a of utterances, compositions, actions, etc.
1603 Camden Rem 203 It was then thought facetious. a 1677 Barrow Serin xiv.Wks 1741 1 147 Facetious speech there serves onely to obstruct and entangle business 1722 Sewtl Hist. Quakers (1795) I. Pref xx Intermixed the serious part sometimes with a facetious accident 1850 Mrs Stowe Uncle Tom’s C iv. 19 Aunty gave George a nudge with her finger designed to be immensely facetious 1855 Macaulay Hist Eng III. 346 Facetious messages passed between the besieged and the besiegers b. of persons, their qualities, etc.
*599 B Jonson Cynthia’s Rev 1 hl My sweet facetious rascall. 1643 SxrT Browne Rehg Med. 179, 1 am no way facetious nor disposed for the muth of Company 1710 Hearne Collect (Oxf Hist Soc ) II 333 He^as of a plea- sant, facetious Temper 1758 Johnson Idler No 33 r 2 Transmitted by a facetious correspondent X844D1CKFNS Mar Chits xxiv.(C D ed ) 251 ‘ Oh you terrible old man 1 ’ cried the facetious Merry to herself 1874 MickleThwaxte Mod Far. Churches 283 The mediaeval carvers were many of them facetious fellows.
Facetiously (fas? Jasli), adv [f prec, 1- -ly 2 ] In a facetious manner.
1727-36 in Bailey. 1731 Waterland Scripture Vmd 11. 9 B answers, very facetiously X749 Fielding Tom Jones 1 111, Pages which certain droll authors have been facetiously pleased to call The History of England 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick xix, Sir Mulberry Hawk leered upon his friends most facetiously 1885 Manch Exam 6 May 6/x The pri- vate view, facetiously so-called.
Facetiousness (faszjbsnes) [f as prec. + -ness ] The quality or fact of being facetious, f a Polish and pleasantness of manner, urbanity (obs.). + b Cheerful good-humour , also, witti- ness, wit (obs ) c. Jocularity, jocosity.
1630 R Johnson’s Kmgd. $ Commie 262 The Italians in facetiousnesse doe jest , That [etc ] 1644 Bulwer Chirol 105 The facetiousnesse of ms nners and elegancies of learning* 1657 Hobbes Stigmai of Wallis Wks 1845 VII 386, I ob- serve, first, the facetiousness of your title-page _ 1757 Burke Alndgm. Eng Hist m u, Relaxing with a wise facetious- ness, he [William I] knew how to relieveh is mind and preserve his dignity. 1836 Hor Smith Tin Trump (1876) 362 This is a random facetiousness a 1853 Robertson Led 1 (1838) 139 With dull facetiousness.
Fach, Fachen, obs ff. of Fetch, Falchion. Faohiae, obs. f Fascine.
Fachon, -oun, obs. ff of Falchion Facia (fteJJa). [var. of Fascia qv.] The tablet or plate over a shop front on which is written the name and often also the trade of the occupier, Also attrib in facia writer, sign and facia writer
Facial (f?»]tal, -jal), a [a F facial, ad. med L. faciates of the face, f facies Face ]
f 1 Theol In Facial sight , vision = L visio fa - ctahs : lace to face, immediate, open Obs 1609 Bell Theoph. <$• Remig 16 The cleare and faciall vision of God 1633 Earl Manch A l Monde (1636) 194 Saint Steven hacPa faciall sight of his Saviour <*17x1 Ken Hymnanum Poet Wks 1721 II 17 You in that Beatifick Height, Had of Tnunal God a facial Sight 2. Of or pertaining to the face or visage ; frequent in Anat , as in facial arteiy , nerve, etc.
x8x8 Hooper Med Diet , Facial nerve, 1841 Catlin N Amer. Ind (1844) II. Ivui 226 Facial outline of the North American Indians 1842 E Wilson Anat Vade M 273 The Facial artery arises a little above the great cornu of the oshyoides 1833 Thackeray Newcomes I 213 A man of great facial advantages, 1865 Tylor Early Hist Man iv 68 Biting her lips with an upward contraction of the facial muscles 1874 Wood Nat. Hist 281 The Virginian Eared Owl, — The facial disc is brown, edged with black b Palseont Facial suture ( see quot 1884)
1872 Nicholson Palceont 167 The facial suture is wanting 1884 Syd Soc. Lex , Facial suture, the line of division between the glabella and the free cheek on each side in a Tnlobite
c. Fcictal angle \ the angle formed by two lines, one honzontal from the nostrils to the ear, the other (called the facial line ) more or less veitical from